Document (#44034)

Author
Habermas, J.
Title
Technik und Wissenschaft als »Ideologie«
Source
Habermas, J.: Technik und Wissenschaft als »Ideologie«. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp 1968
Imprint
Suhrkamp : Frankfurt
Year
1968
Pages
S.48-103
Series
Edition Suhrkamp ; 287
Abstract
Max Weber hat den Begriff der »Rationalität« eingeführt, um die Form der kapitalistischen Wirtschaftstätigkeit, des bürgerlichen Privatrechtsverkehrs und der bürokratischen Herrschaft zu bestimmen. Rationalisierung meint zunächst die Ausdehnung der gesellschaftlichen Bereiche, die Maßstäben rationaler Entscheidung unterworfen werden. Dem entspricht die Industrialisierung der gesellschaftlichen Arbeit mit der Folge, daß Maßstäbe instrumentalen Handelns auch in andere Lebensbereiche eindringen (Urbanisierung der Lebensweise, Technisierung des Verkehrs und der Kommunikation). In beiden Fällen handelt es sich um die Durchsetzung des Typus zweckrationalen Handelns: hier bezieht er sich auf die Organisation von Mitteln, dort auf die Wahl zwischen Alternativen. Die Planung schließlich kann als ein zweckrationales Handeln zweiter Stufe aufgefaßt werden: sie zielt auf die Einrichtung, Verbesserung oder Erweiterung der Systeme zweckrationalen Handelns selber. Die fortschreitende »Rationalisierung « der Gesellschaft hängt mit der Institutionalisierung des wissenschaftlichen und des technischen Fortschritts zusammen. In dem Maße, in dem Technik und Wissenschaft die institutionellen Bereiche der Gesellschaft durchdringen und dadurch die Institutionen selbst verwandeln, werden die alten Legitimationen abgebaut. Säkularisierung und »Entzauberung « der handlungsorientierenden Weltbilder, der kulturellen Überlieferung insgesamt, ist die Kehrseite einer wachsenden »Rationalität« des gesellschaftlichen Handelns.

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