Document (#43476)

Author

Günther, G.

Title

¬Das Bewußtsein der Maschinen : Sammlung ; eine Metaphysik der Kybernetik

Issue

3., erw. Aufl.

Imprint

Baden-Baden : Agis-Verl.

Year

2002

Pages

344 S

Isbn

3-87007-009-9

Series

Internationale Reihe Kybernetik und Information ; 3

Abstract

Das Buch 'Das Bewusstsein der Maschinen' des deutsch-amerikanischen Philosophen und Logikers Gotthard Günther (1900-1984) erschien bereits 1957 und in einer erweiterten 2. Auflage im Jahr 1963. Was damals sensationell wirkte, ist heute Bestandteil unseres philosophischen Bewusstseins geworden: die Hereinnahme der Kybernetik nicht nur in unsere praktisch-technische Welt, sondern auch in die philosophische Spekulation wie in unsere soziologische Reflexion. Immer aber noch ist die Lektüre der Güntherschen Theoreme und Einsichten für Wissenschaftler wie auch für den Laien aufregend, die Revolutionierung unseres gesamten Denkens offenbar. Daß die maschinelle Intelligenz den Leistungen des menschlichen Bewusstseins überlegen sein kann - wer bestreitet das heute noch? Daß aber mit dem Maschinenbewusstsein die alten Denkgewohnheiten des Menschen aus den Angeln gehoben und alle klassischen Schemata wie auch die dialektische Spekulation auf einen mehr oder minder aufwendigen Schutthaufen geworfen sind - dagegen werden die philosophischen Lehrstühle sich noch lange wehren. - Auch diese erweiterte Auflage des Güntherschen Buches ist kein Abschluß und kein System, sondern Frage und Anregung zur Metaphysik unseres Jahrhunderts. Die jetzt nach etwa 40 Jahren erneut aufgelegte und nochmals erweiterte Ausgabe ist - betrachtet man den heutigen Stand der Diskussionen um die Themen 'Künstliche Intelligenz', 'Maschinelles Lernen' oder 'Maschinenbewusstsein' - nicht nur aus philosophischer sondern vor allem aus wissenschaftslogischer Sicht seiner Zeit immer noch weit voraus. Dies begründet sich insbesondere darin, dass Gotthard Günther nicht nur einen Entwurf geliefert, sondern im Verlauf seiner wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeiten am Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) in Illinois (Urbana) auch die Grundlagen zu einer nichtaristotelischen Logik gelegt hat, die sich am besten unter dem Begriff 'Theorie polykontexturaler Systeme' subsumieren lassen.
Das Buch stellt jedoch keine grundlegende (theoretische) Einführung in die Theorie der polykontexturalen Systeme dar und erfordert daher auch keine tieferen Kenntnisse über formale Logik, sondern ist - wie viele der Arbeiten Günthers - eine Sammlung mehrerer philosophischer Aufsätze zu den Themen 'Robotik', 'Künstliche Intelligenz' und 'Maschinenbewusstsein'. Allerdings diskutiert Günther diese Themen vor dem Hintergrund einer erweiterten Logik, die er zunächst als mehrwertige und später als mehrstellige und im Verlauf der weiteren Entwicklung seiner Theorie als polykontexturale Logik bezeichnet. Für die Lektüre genügen also elementare Kenntnisse einfacher logischer Verknüpfungen und/oder arithmetischer Relationen. Dieses Buch eignet sich daher vortrefflich als 'Einstiegslektüre' in die philosophischen Arbeiten Gotthard Günthers und ist auch für den fachlich interessierten Laien eine anregende und vor allen Dingen eine verständlich und logisch klar geschriebene Darstellung grundlegender philosophischer Fragen zu den Themen 'Bewusstsein' oder 'Selbstbewusstsein' und deren möglicher oder eben nicht möglicher technischer Realisierung.
In dem Buch werden Themen wie z. B. der Gegensatz der kulturellen Vorstellung des faustischen Homunkulus auf der einen Seite und der des Robots auf der anderen Seite in geradezu spannender Art und Weise behandelt. In dem Beitrag 'Erkennen und Wollen' werden der scheinbare Gegensatz der Prozesse des Erkennens ('am Anfang war das Wort') und des Wollens ('am Anfang war die Tat') und die kulturellen Hintergründe dieser heute immer noch vorherrschenden dichotomen, d. h., zweigeteilten 'Entweder-Oder'-Vorstellung in der abendländischen Kultur diskutiert. Gerade dieser Beitrag, der in der vorliegenden Auflage neu hinzugekommen ist, bietet natürlich auch Anregungen für die Entwicklung intelligenter technischer Systeme - es handelt sich also um einen Aufsatz, der durchaus auch in einer Fachzeitschrift für künstliche Intelligenz hätte stehen können und der nicht nur für den Fachmann sondern auch für den interessierten und gebildeten Laien verständlich ist. Da Gotthard Günther neben Philosophie und Logik auch Indologie, klassisches Chinesisch, Sanskrit und vergleichende Religionswissenschaften studiert hat, kann sich der Leser über kleinere, kompetent geführte geistige Ausflüge in andere Kulturen erfreuen und sich zu weiteren Studien anregen lassen. Das ist im Zeitalter der Globalisierung sicherlich ein zusätzlicher Gewinn. Eine kurze Biographie Gotthard Günthers sowie eine kleine Einführung in seine Arbeiten sollen dem Leser nicht nur den Zugang zu diesem Autor und seinem Werk erleichtern, sondern ihm auch die Möglichkeit einer Zuordnung seiner Arbeiten - und das betrifft vor allem auch die Theorie der Polykontexturalität - vor dem Hintergrund der heutigen Gehirn- und künstlichen Intelligenz-Forschung geben. (Joachim Paul)

Content

Vgl. auch: https://www.vordenker.de/ggphilosophy/ggphilo.htm.

Theme

Information

Field

Informatik
Philosophie
Kognitionswissenschaft

RSWK

Künstliche Intelligenz / Bewusstsein
Kybernetik / Metaphysik / Nichtklassische Logik

BK

50.02 (Technikphilosophie)
53.71 (Theoretische Nachrichtentechnik)
08.25 (Zeitgenössische westliche Philosophie)

GHBS

TVQ(SI)
SUW (HA)
HMB (W)
HLG (PB)

RVK

CC 5200
CC 5500
ST 300

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5. Reichert, B.; Wahlster, W.: Künstliche Intelligenz als Hilfswissenschaftler : KI revolutioniert die Forschung (2018) 0.24

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