Document (#30926)

Author

Horstmann, M.
Lorenz, M.
Watkowski, A.
Ioannidis, G.
Herzog, O.
King, A.
Evans, D.G.
Hagen, C.
Schlieder, C.
Burn, A.-M.
King, N.
Petrie, H.
Dijkstra, S.
Crombie, D

Title

Automated interpretation and accessible presentation of technical diagrams for blind people

Source

New review of hypermedia and multimedia. 10(2004) no.2, S.141-163

Year

2004

Abstract

The EU-supported TeDUB (Technical Drawings Understanding for the Blind) project is developing a software system that aims to make technical diagrams accessible to blind and visually impaired people. It consists of two separate modules: one that analyses drawings either semi-automatically or automatically, and one that presents the results of this analysis to blind people and allows them to interact with it. The system is capable of analysing and presenting diagrams from a number of formally defined domains. A diagram enters the system as one of two types: first, diagrams contained in bitmap images, which do not explicitly contain the semantic structure of their content and thus have to be interpreted by the system, and second, diagrams obtained in a semantically enriched format that already yields this structure. The TeDUB system provides blind users with an interface to navigate and annotate these diagrams using a number of input and output devices. Extensive user evaluations have been carried out and an overall positive response from the participants has shown the effectiveness of the approach.

Similar documents (author)

1. King, J.: ¬A review of bibliometric and other indicators and their role in research evaluation (1987) 0.50

   0.5013381 = sum of:
     0.5013381 = product of:
       3.0080285 = sum of:
         3.0080285 = weight(author_txt:king in 1708) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0080285 = score(doc=1708,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58904964 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0825276 = boost
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.034618728 = queryNorm
             5.106579 = fieldWeight in 1708, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1708)
       0.16666667 = coord(1/6)
   

2. King, S.V.: ELNET: the electronic library database system (1992) 0.50

   0.5013381 = sum of:
     0.5013381 = product of:
       3.0080285 = sum of:
         3.0080285 = weight(author_txt:king in 4263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0080285 = score(doc=4263,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58904964 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0825276 = boost
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.034618728 = queryNorm
             5.106579 = fieldWeight in 4263, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4263)
       0.16666667 = coord(1/6)
   

3. King, N.S.: End-user errors : a content analysis of PaperChase transaction logs (1993) 0.50

   0.5013381 = sum of:
     0.5013381 = product of:
       3.0080285 = sum of:
         3.0080285 = weight(author_txt:king in 6737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0080285 = score(doc=6737,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58904964 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0825276 = boost
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.034618728 = queryNorm
             5.106579 = fieldWeight in 6737, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6737)
       0.16666667 = coord(1/6)
   

4. King, C.S.: Cataloguing 19th-century children's books (1992) 0.50

   0.5013381 = sum of:
     0.5013381 = product of:
       3.0080285 = sum of:
         3.0080285 = weight(author_txt:king in 58) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0080285 = score(doc=58,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58904964 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0825276 = boost
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.034618728 = queryNorm
             5.106579 = fieldWeight in 58, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=58)
       0.16666667 = coord(1/6)
   

5. King, M.: Evaluation of MT software and methods (1994) 0.50

   0.5013381 = sum of:
     0.5013381 = product of:
       3.0080285 = sum of:
         3.0080285 = weight(author_txt:king in 609) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0080285 = score(doc=609,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58904964 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0825276 = boost
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.034618728 = queryNorm
             5.106579 = fieldWeight in 609, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.1705265 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44218)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=609)
       0.16666667 = coord(1/6)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Oppenheim, C.; Selby, K.: Access to information on the World Wide Web for blind and visually impaired people (1999) 0.24

   0.2439157 = sum of:
     0.2439157 = product of:
       1.0163155 = sum of:
         0.11660123 = weight(abstract_txt:visually in 727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11660123 = score(doc=727,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09899808 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0961809 = boost
               7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.177813 = fieldWeight in 727, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=727)
         0.15807143 = weight(abstract_txt:impaired in 727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15807143 = score(doc=727,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13346678 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2727861 = boost
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.1843504 = fieldWeight in 727, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=727)
         0.0072430344 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0072430344 = score(doc=727,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.039127164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3782818 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 727, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=727)
         0.07457696 = weight(abstract_txt:accessible in 727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07457696 = score(doc=727,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11665799 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6828333 = boost
               5.7860904 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.63927865 = fieldWeight in 727, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7860904 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=727)
         0.04871085 = weight(abstract_txt:people in 727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04871085 = score(doc=727,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12665886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1475697 = boost
               4.922663 = idf(docFreq=874, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.38458306 = fieldWeight in 727, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922663 = idf(docFreq=874, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=727)
         0.61111194 = weight(abstract_txt:blind in 727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.61111194 = score(doc=727,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5621792 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.8410544 = boost
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.0870411 = fieldWeight in 727, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=727)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. McNulty, T.: EASI access to library technology (1993) 0.19

   0.19436987 = sum of:
     0.19436987 = product of:
       0.9718493 = sum of:
         0.058300614 = weight(abstract_txt:visually in 6701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058300614 = score(doc=6701,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09899808 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0961809 = boost
               7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.5889065 = fieldWeight in 6701, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6701)
         0.09126259 = weight(abstract_txt:impaired in 6701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09126259 = score(doc=6701,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13346678 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2727861 = boost
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.683785 = fieldWeight in 6701, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6701)
         0.0072430344 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 6701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0072430344 = score(doc=6701,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.039127164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3782818 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 6701, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6701)
         0.026100928 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 6701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026100928 = score(doc=6701,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09906919 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4520152 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.2634616 = fieldWeight in 6701, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6701)
         0.78894216 = weight(abstract_txt:blind in 6701) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.78894216 = score(doc=6701,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.5621792 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.8410544 = boost
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.4033642 = fieldWeight in 6701, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6701)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Fewtrell, B.: audio description : Accessing visual media (1997) 0.16

   0.15969633 = sum of:
     0.15969633 = product of:
       0.7984816 = sum of:
         0.0230569 = weight(abstract_txt:number in 403) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0230569 = score(doc=403,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.059511527 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2019445 = boost
               4.132649 = idf(docFreq=1927, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.38743585 = fieldWeight in 403, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.132649 = idf(docFreq=1927, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=403)
         0.10951509 = weight(abstract_txt:impaired in 403) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10951509 = score(doc=403,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13346678 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2727861 = boost
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.820542 = fieldWeight in 403, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=403)
         0.0086916415 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 403) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0086916415 = score(doc=403,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.039127164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3782818 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.22213829 = fieldWeight in 403, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=403)
         0.058453023 = weight(abstract_txt:people in 403) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058453023 = score(doc=403,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12665886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1475697 = boost
               4.922663 = idf(docFreq=874, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.4614997 = fieldWeight in 403, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922663 = idf(docFreq=874, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=403)
         0.59876496 = weight(abstract_txt:blind in 403) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.59876496 = score(doc=403,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5621792 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.8410544 = boost
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.0650785 = fieldWeight in 403, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=403)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Kollewe, W.: Data representation by nested line diagrams illustrated by a survey of pensioners (1991) 0.14

   0.13748471 = sum of:
     0.13748471 = product of:
       0.8592795 = sum of:
         0.08675301 = weight(abstract_txt:diagram in 5230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08675301 = score(doc=5230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12903307 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.251467 = boost
               8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.6723316 = fieldWeight in 5230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.6058445 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5230)
         0.022531785 = weight(abstract_txt:structure in 5230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022531785 = score(doc=5230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.066178724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2674856 = boost
               4.3579993 = idf(docFreq=1538, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.3404687 = fieldWeight in 5230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3579993 = idf(docFreq=1538, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5230)
         0.012545303 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012545303 = score(doc=5230,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.039127164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3782818 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.320629 = fieldWeight in 5230, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5230)
         0.7374494 = weight(abstract_txt:diagrams in 5230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7374494 = score(doc=5230,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.61521924 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.693595 = boost
               7.6715355 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.1986774 = fieldWeight in 5230, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.6715355 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5230)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Xie, I.; Babu, R.; Lee, H.S.; Wang, S.; Lee, T.H.: Orientation tactics and associated factors in the digital library environment : comparison between blind and sighted users (2021) 0.13

   0.13280036 = sum of:
     0.13280036 = product of:
       0.66400176 = sum of:
         0.018025428 = weight(abstract_txt:structure in 307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018025428 = score(doc=307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.066178724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2674856 = boost
               4.3579993 = idf(docFreq=1538, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.27237496 = fieldWeight in 307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3579993 = idf(docFreq=1538, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=307)
         0.012956734 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012956734 = score(doc=307,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.039127164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3782818 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.3311442 = fieldWeight in 307, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=307)
         0.038968682 = weight(abstract_txt:people in 307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038968682 = score(doc=307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12665886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1475697 = boost
               4.922663 = idf(docFreq=874, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.30766645 = fieldWeight in 307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922663 = idf(docFreq=874, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=307)
         0.02952983 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02952983 = score(doc=307,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09906919 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4520152 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             0.2980728 = fieldWeight in 307, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=307)
         0.5645211 = weight(abstract_txt:blind in 307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5645211 = score(doc=307,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.5621792 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.8410544 = boost
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.011980865 = queryNorm
             1.0041656 = fieldWeight in 307, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.033325 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=307)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)