Document (#41040)

Author
Sarigil, E.
Sengor Altingovde, I.
Blanco, R.
Barla Cambazoglu, B.
Ozcan, R.
Ulusoy, Ö.
Title
Characterizing, predicting, and handling web search queries that match very few or no results
Source
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.2, S.256-270
Year
2018
Abstract
A non-negligible fraction of user queries end up with very few or even no matching results in leading commercial web search engines. In this work, we provide a detailed characterization of such queries and show that search engines try to improve such queries by showing the results of related queries. Through a user study, we show that these query suggestions are usually perceived as relevant. Also, through a query log analysis, we show that the users are dissatisfied after submitting a query that match no results at least 88.5% of the time. As a first step towards solving these no-answer queries, we devised a large number of features that can be used to identify such queries and built machine-learning models. These models can be useful for scenarios such as the mobile- or meta-search, where identifying a query that will retrieve no results at the client device (i.e., even before submitting it to the search engine) may yield gains in terms of the bandwidth usage, power consumption, and/or monetary costs. Experiments over query logs indicate that, despite the heavy skew in class sizes, our models achieve good prediction quality, with accuracy (in terms of area under the curve) up to 0.95.
Content
Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23955/full.
Theme
Retrievalstudien
Suchmaschinen

Similar documents (author)

  1. Ozcan, R.; Altingovde, I.S.; Ulusoy, O.: Exploiting navigational queries for result presentation and caching in Web search engines (2011) 1.88
    1.8819536 = sum of:
      1.8819536 = product of:
        3.7639072 = sum of:
          1.7988442 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.7988442 = score(doc=364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4985351 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0439931 = boost
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              3.60826 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          1.965063 = weight(author_txt:ulusoy in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.965063 = score(doc=364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.52879137 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0752066 = boost
                9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              3.7161405 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
        0.5 = coord(2/4)
    
  2. Yilmaz, T.; Ozcan, R.; Altingovde, I.S.; Ulusoy, Ö.: Improving educational web search for question-like queries through subject classification (2019) 1.57
    1.5682946 = sum of:
      1.5682946 = product of:
        3.1365893 = sum of:
          1.4990368 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 41) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.4990368 = score(doc=41,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4985351 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0439931 = boost
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              3.0068831 = fieldWeight in 41, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=41)
          1.6375525 = weight(author_txt:ulusoy in 41) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.6375525 = score(doc=41,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.52879137 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0752066 = boost
                9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              3.0967836 = fieldWeight in 41, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=41)
        0.5 = coord(2/4)
    
  3. Yigit-Sert, S.; Altingovde, I.S.; Macdonald, C.; Ounis, I.; Ulusoy, Ö,: Explicit diversification of search results across multiple dimensions for educational search (2021) 1.25
    1.2546358 = sum of:
      1.2546358 = product of:
        2.5092716 = sum of:
          1.1992295 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 1157) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.1992295 = score(doc=1157,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4985351 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0439931 = boost
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              2.4055066 = fieldWeight in 1157, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=1157)
          1.310042 = weight(author_txt:ulusoy in 1157) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.310042 = score(doc=1157,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.52879137 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0752066 = boost
                9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              2.477427 = fieldWeight in 1157, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
                0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=1157)
        0.5 = coord(2/4)
    
  4. Sengor Altingovde, I. => Altingovde, I.S.: 0.74
    0.7419854 = sum of:
      0.7419854 = product of:
        2.9679415 = sum of:
          2.9679415 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 1155) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.9679415 = score(doc=1155,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.4985351 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0439931 = boost
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              5.9533253 = fieldWeight in 1155, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
                0.4375 = fieldNorm(doc=1155)
        0.25 = coord(1/4)
    
  5. Cambazoglu, B. Barla => Barla Cambazoglu, B.: 0.66
    0.6628346 = sum of:
      0.6628346 = product of:
        2.6513383 = sum of:
          2.6513383 = weight(author_txt:cambazoglu in 2505) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.6513383 = score(doc=2505,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.51246804 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0584812 = boost
                9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
                0.04962855 = queryNorm
              5.1736655 = fieldWeight in 2505, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2505)
        0.25 = coord(1/4)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Yeganova, L.; Comeau, D.C.; Kim, W.; Wilbur, W.J.: How to interpret PubMed queries and why it matters (2009) 0.41
    0.40905142 = sum of:
      0.40905142 = product of:
        0.92966235 = sum of:
          0.05406349 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05406349 = score(doc=3712,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.08085276 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.018533 = boost
                4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.668666 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.08352889 = weight(abstract_txt:fraction in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08352889 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16406122 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.025925 = boost
                8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.50913244 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.021138765 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021138765 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07513892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2025572 = boost
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.2813291 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.045739885 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045739885 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13835287 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3323605 = boost
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.3306031 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.055882167 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.055882167 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.1436572 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6627883 = boost
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.38899666 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.049492277 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.049492277 = score(doc=3712,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.11573723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7233727 = boost
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.42762625 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.032522578 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.032522578 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14958732 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.190509 = boost
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.21741535 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.053332046 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.053332046 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16510248 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3013065 = boost
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.3230239 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.036560923 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036560923 = score(doc=3712,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.110619806 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.382726 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.33050975 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.11743072 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11743072 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.27943617 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9939115 = boost
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.42024165 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
          0.3799706 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3799706 = score(doc=3712,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.45041704 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4974785 = boost
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.84359735 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
        0.44 = coord(11/25)
    
  2. Ozcan, R.; Altingovde, I.S.; Ulusoy, O.: Exploiting navigational queries for result presentation and caching in Web search engines (2011) 0.34
    0.34031716 = sum of:
      0.34031716 = product of:
        0.8507929 = sum of:
          0.028898153 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028898153 = score(doc=364,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.08085276 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.018533 = boost
                4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.35741702 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.124961466 = weight(abstract_txt:bandwidth in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.124961466 = score(doc=364,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.17032911 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0453389 = boost
                8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.73364717 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.045739885 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045739885 = score(doc=364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13835287 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3323605 = boost
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.3306031 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.03951466 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03951466 = score(doc=364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1436572 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6627883 = boost
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.27506217 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.045805003 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045805003 = score(doc=364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15852478 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7467142 = boost
                4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.28894538 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.07966373 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07966373 = score(doc=364,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.14958732 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.190509 = boost
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.5325567 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.065318145 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.065318145 = score(doc=364,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.16510248 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3013065 = boost
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.39562184 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.028319968 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028319968 = score(doc=364,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.110619806 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.382726 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.14382268 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14382268 = score(doc=364,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.27943617 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9939115 = boost
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.51468885 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
          0.24874917 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24874917 = score(doc=364,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.45041704 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4974785 = boost
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.5522641 = fieldWeight in 364, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=364)
        0.4 = coord(10/25)
    
  3. Falchi, F.; Lucchese, C.; Orlando, S.; Perego, R.; Rabitti, F.: Similarity caching in large-scale image retrieval (2012) 0.32
    0.3222855 = sum of:
      0.3222855 = product of:
        0.73246706 = sum of:
          0.07308778 = weight(abstract_txt:fraction in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07308778 = score(doc=3729,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16406122 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.025925 = boost
                8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.4454909 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.013078944 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013078944 = score(doc=3729,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07513892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2025572 = boost
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.1740635 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.045618717 = weight(abstract_txt:very in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045618717 = score(doc=3729,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.119822435 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2399287 = boost
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.38071933 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.035675768 = weight(abstract_txt:even in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035675768 = score(doc=3729,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.128145 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2822671 = boost
                5.0907717 = idf(docFreq=742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.27840158 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0907717 = idf(docFreq=742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.03457533 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03457533 = score(doc=3729,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1436572 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6627883 = boost
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.2406794 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.037503876 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.037503876 = score(doc=3729,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.11573723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7233727 = boost
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.3240433 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.056914512 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.056914512 = score(doc=3729,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.14958732 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.190509 = boost
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.38047686 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.05715338 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05715338 = score(doc=3729,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.16510248 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3013065 = boost
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.3461691 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.024779972 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024779972 = score(doc=3729,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.110619806 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.382726 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.22401026 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.10275188 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10275188 = score(doc=3729,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.27943617 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9939115 = boost
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.36771145 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
          0.25132695 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 3729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.25132695 = score(doc=3729,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.45041704 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4974785 = boost
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.5579872 = fieldWeight in 3729, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3729)
        0.44 = coord(11/25)
    
  4. Kajanan, S.; Bao, Y.; Datta, A.; VanderMeer, D.; Dutta, K.: Efficient automatic search query formulation using phrase-level analysis (2014) 0.31
    0.3144106 = sum of:
      0.3144106 = product of:
        0.7145695 = sum of:
          0.02568953 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02568953 = score(doc=2264,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.07910689 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0074762 = boost
                3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.32474452 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.026544651 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.026544651 = score(doc=2264,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.08085276 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.018533 = boost
                4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.32830852 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.027649118 = weight(abstract_txt:very in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027649118 = score(doc=2264,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.119822435 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2399287 = boost
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.23075075 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.034304913 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.034304913 = score(doc=2264,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13835287 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3323605 = boost
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.24795231 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.029635994 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029635994 = score(doc=2264,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1436572 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6627883 = boost
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.20629662 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.018559605 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018559605 = score(doc=2264,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11573723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7233727 = boost
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.16035984 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.068990804 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.068990804 = score(doc=2264,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.14958732 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.190509 = boost
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.46120757 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.09380605 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09380605 = score(doc=2264,freq=11.0), product of:
              0.16510248 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3013065 = boost
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.56816864 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                  11.0 = termFreq=11.0
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.04067146 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04067146 = score(doc=2264,freq=11.0), product of:
              0.110619806 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.382726 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.36766887 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                  11.0 = termFreq=11.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.10786701 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10786701 = score(doc=2264,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.27943617 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9939115 = boost
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.38601664 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
          0.24085036 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24085036 = score(doc=2264,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.45041704 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4974785 = boost
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.53472745 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
        0.44 = coord(11/25)
    
  5. Spink, A.; Ozmultu, H.C.: Characteristics of question format web queries : an exploratory study (2002) 0.30
    0.29874602 = sum of:
      0.29874602 = product of:
        0.93358135 = sum of:
          0.014947363 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014947363 = score(doc=4910,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07513892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2025572 = boost
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.19892971 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.06468596 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06468596 = score(doc=4910,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13835287 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3323605 = boost
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.46754336 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.024746139 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024746139 = score(doc=4910,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11573723 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7233727 = boost
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.21381313 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.42101 = idf(docFreq=3945, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.032522578 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.032522578 = score(doc=4910,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14958732 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.190509 = boost
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.21741535 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.09237381 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09237381 = score(doc=4910,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.16510248 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3013065 = boost
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.5594938 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.023123158 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023123158 = score(doc=4910,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.110619806 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.382726 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.20903271 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.14382268 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14382268 = score(doc=4910,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.27943617 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9939115 = boost
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              0.51468885 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
          0.53735965 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 4910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.53735965 = score(doc=4910,freq=14.0), product of:
              0.45041704 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4974785 = boost
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01963087 = queryNorm
              1.1930269 = fieldWeight in 4910, product of:
                3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
                  14.0 = termFreq=14.0
                5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4910)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)