Document (#38265)

Author

Kajanan, S.
Bao, Y.
Datta, A.
VanderMeer, D.
Dutta, K.

Title

Efficient automatic search query formulation using phrase-level analysis

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.5, S.1058-1075

Year

2014

Abstract

Over the past decade, the volume of information available digitally over the Internet has grown enormously. Technical developments in the area of search, such as Google's Page Rank algorithm, have proved so good at serving relevant results that Internet search has become integrated into daily human activity. One can endlessly explore topics of interest simply by querying and reading through the resulting links. Yet, although search engines are well known for providing relevant results based on users' queries, users do not always receive the results they are looking for. Google's Director of Research describes clickstream evidence of frustrated users repeatedly reformulating queries and searching through page after page of results. Given the general quality of search engine results, one must consider the possibility that the frustrated user's query is not effective; that is, it does not describe the essence of the user's interest. Indeed, extensive research into human search behavior has found that humans are not very effective at formulating good search queries that describe what they are interested in. Ideally, the user should simply point to a portion of text that sparked the user's interest, and a system should automatically formulate a search query that captures the essence of the text. In this paper, we describe an implemented system that provides this capability. We first describe how our work differs from existing work in automatic query formulation, and propose a new method for improved quantification of the relevance of candidate search terms drawn from input text using phrase-level analysis. We then propose an implementable method designed to provide relevant queries based on a user's text input. We demonstrate the quality of our results and performance of our system through experimental studies. Our results demonstrate that our system produces relevant search terms with roughly two-thirds precision and recall compared to search terms selected by experts, and that typical users find significantly more relevant results (31% more relevant) more quickly (64% faster) using our system than self-formulated search queries. Further, we show that our implementation can scale to request loads of up to 10 requests per second within current online responsiveness expectations (<2-second response times at the highest loads tested).

Theme

Automatisches Indexieren
Computerlinguistik
Suchtaktik

Similar documents (author)

1. Xu, X.; Dutta, K.; Datta, A.; Ge, C.: Identifying functional aspects from user reviews for functionality-based mobile app recommendation (2018) 4.10

   4.1026945 = sum of:
     4.1026945 = sum of:
       1.9051197 = weight(author_txt:dutta in 38) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.9051197 = score(doc=38,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.672711 = queryWeight, product of:
             9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
             0.07423092 = queryNorm
           2.832003 = fieldWeight in 38, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=38)
       2.197575 = weight(author_txt:datta in 38) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.197575 = score(doc=38,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.73990536 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0487545 = boost
             9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
             0.07423092 = queryNorm
           2.9700758 = fieldWeight in 38, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=38)
   

2. Dutta, B.: Organizing knowledge : then and now (2015) 1.91

   1.9051197 = sum of:
     1.9051197 = product of:
       3.8102393 = sum of:
         3.8102393 = weight(author_txt:dutta in 6633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.8102393 = score(doc=6633,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.672711 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07423092 = queryNorm
             5.664006 = fieldWeight in 6633, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6633)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

3. Dutta, A.: ¬A journey from Cutter to Austin : critical analysis of their contribution in subject indexing (2017) 1.91

   1.9051197 = sum of:
     1.9051197 = product of:
       3.8102393 = sum of:
         3.8102393 = weight(author_txt:dutta in 2535) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.8102393 = score(doc=2535,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.672711 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07423092 = queryNorm
             5.664006 = fieldWeight in 2535, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2535)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

4. Dutta, B.: Ranganathan's elucidation of subject in the light of 'Infinity (8)' (2015) 1.91

   1.9051197 = sum of:
     1.9051197 = product of:
       3.8102393 = sum of:
         3.8102393 = weight(author_txt:dutta in 3794) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.8102393 = score(doc=3794,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.672711 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07423092 = queryNorm
             5.664006 = fieldWeight in 3794, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3794)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

5. Datta, S.; Farradane, J.E.L.: ¬A psychological basis for general classification (1974) 1.76

   1.7580601 = sum of:
     1.7580601 = product of:
       3.5161202 = sum of:
         3.5161202 = weight(author_txt:datta in 1195) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.5161202 = score(doc=1195,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.73990536 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0487545 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07423092 = queryNorm
             4.7521214 = fieldWeight in 1195, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1195)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Shapira, B.; Zabar, B.: Personalized search : integrating collaboration and social networks (2011) 0.39

   0.39167163 = sum of:
     0.39167163 = product of:
       0.89016277 = sum of:
         0.03671129 = weight(abstract_txt:demonstrate in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03671129 = score(doc=140,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10938257 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.3699656 = idf(docFreq=561, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.33562285 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3699656 = idf(docFreq=561, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.023513488 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023513488 = score(doc=140,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09303724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1295357 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.252732 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.043048855 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043048855 = score(doc=140,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09654122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3286095 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.44591168 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.032158982 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032158982 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10787478 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5702034 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.298114 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.05095977 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05095977 = score(doc=140,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17149179 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7707719 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.29715574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.16221084 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16221084 = score(doc=140,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.25729886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1690016 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.63043743 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.07869438 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07869438 = score(doc=140,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24680702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3750606 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.31884983 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.042245574 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042245574 = score(doc=140,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.116682656 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4222023 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.3620553 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.07058617 = weight(abstract_txt:relevant in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07058617 = score(doc=140,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24393186 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5865498 = boost
               4.6298943 = idf(docFreq=1177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.2893684 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6298943 = idf(docFreq=1177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.11975591 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11975591 = score(doc=140,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.18360542 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5911865 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.65224606 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
         0.23027755 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23027755 = score(doc=140,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.30397344 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.083376 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.75755817 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

2. White, R.W.; Ruthven, I.: ¬A study of interface support mechanisms for interactive information retrieval (2006) 0.38

   0.37820292 = sum of:
     0.37820292 = product of:
       0.78792274 = sum of:
         0.023513488 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023513488 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09303724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1295357 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.252732 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.05408929 = weight(abstract_txt:input in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05408929 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1416302 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1378994 = boost
               6.110481 = idf(docFreq=267, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.38190505 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.110481 = idf(docFreq=267, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.07369904 = weight(abstract_txt:simply in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07369904 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1740696 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2615004 = boost
               6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.42338836 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.0372814 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0372814 = score(doc=64,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09654122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3286095 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.38617083 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.022739835 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022739835 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10787478 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5702034 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.05095977 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05095977 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17149179 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7707719 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.29715574 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.09365247 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09365247 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25729886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1690016 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.36398324 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.07869438 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07869438 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24680702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3750606 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.31884983 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.029872129 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029872129 = score(doc=64,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.116682656 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4222023 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.07058617 = weight(abstract_txt:relevant in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07058617 = score(doc=64,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24393186 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5865498 = boost
               4.6298943 = idf(docFreq=1177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.2893684 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6298943 = idf(docFreq=1177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.056453474 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056453474 = score(doc=64,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18360542 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5911865 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.30747172 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
         0.19638136 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 64) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19638136 = score(doc=64,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.30397344 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.083376 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.6460478 = fieldWeight in 64, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=64)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

3. Liu, Y.-H.; Dantzig, P.; Sachs, M.; Corey, J.T.; Hinnebusch, M.T.; Damashek, M.; Cohen, J.: Visualizing document classification : a search aid for the digital library (2000) 0.32

   0.3249749 = sum of:
     0.3249749 = product of:
       0.73857933 = sum of:
         0.022756016 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022756016 = score(doc=5431,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.091028266 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.117274 = boost
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.24998845 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.0764938 = weight(abstract_txt:input in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0764938 = score(doc=5431,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1416302 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1378994 = boost
               6.110481 = idf(docFreq=267, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.54009527 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.110481 = idf(docFreq=267, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.0372814 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0372814 = score(doc=5431,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09654122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3286095 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.38617083 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.047254432 = weight(abstract_txt:interest in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047254432 = score(doc=5431,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14816324 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4254166 = boost
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.31893492 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.022739835 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022739835 = score(doc=5431,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10787478 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5702034 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.07206799 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07206799 = score(doc=5431,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17149179 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7707719 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.42024165 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.08910381 = weight(abstract_txt:describe in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08910381 = score(doc=5431,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.197551 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9005555 = boost
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.4510421 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.09365247 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09365247 = score(doc=5431,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25729886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1690016 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.36398324 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.024390493 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024390493 = score(doc=5431,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.116682656 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4222023 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.20903271 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.069141105 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.069141105 = score(doc=5431,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.18360542 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5911865 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.37657443 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
         0.18369792 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 5431) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18369792 = score(doc=5431,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.30397344 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.083376 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.6043223 = fieldWeight in 5431, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5431)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

4. Sarigil, E.; Sengor Altingovde, I.; Blanco, R.; Barla Cambazoglu, B.; Ozcan, R.; Ulusoy, Ö.: Characterizing, predicting, and handling web search queries that match very few or no results (2018) 0.31

   0.3076912 = sum of:
     0.3076912 = product of:
       0.7692279 = sum of:
         0.040641513 = weight(abstract_txt:good in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040641513 = score(doc=39,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11705634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0344831 = boost
               5.5551386 = idf(docFreq=466, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.34719616 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5551386 = idf(docFreq=466, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.032181866 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032181866 = score(doc=39,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.091028266 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.117274 = boost
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.35353705 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.033253092 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033253092 = score(doc=39,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09303724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1295357 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.35741702 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.021524427 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021524427 = score(doc=39,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09654122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3286095 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.22295584 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.11394951 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11394951 = score(doc=39,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.17149179 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7707719 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.6644604 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.19276108 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19276108 = score(doc=39,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.24680702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3750606 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.78101945 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.04563043 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04563043 = score(doc=39,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.116682656 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4222023 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.39106438 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.07058617 = weight(abstract_txt:relevant in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07058617 = score(doc=39,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24393186 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5865498 = boost
               4.6298943 = idf(docFreq=1177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.2893684 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6298943 = idf(docFreq=1177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.07983727 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07983727 = score(doc=39,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.18360542 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5911865 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.4348307 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
         0.1388626 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 39) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1388626 = score(doc=39,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30397344 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.083376 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.45682475 = fieldWeight in 39, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=39)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

5. Lee, W.M.; Sanderson, M.: Analyzing URL queries (2010) 0.28

   0.2839291 = sum of:
     0.2839291 = product of:
       0.78869194 = sum of:
         0.022756016 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022756016 = score(doc=105,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.091028266 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.117274 = boost
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.24998845 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.07369904 = weight(abstract_txt:simply in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07369904 = score(doc=105,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1740696 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2615004 = boost
               6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.42338836 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.021524427 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021524427 = score(doc=105,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09654122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3286095 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.22295584 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.07634209 = weight(abstract_txt:page in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07634209 = score(doc=105,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20399591 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6725622 = boost
               5.987735 = idf(docFreq=302, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.37423342 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.987735 = idf(docFreq=302, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.10191954 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10191954 = score(doc=105,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17149179 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7707719 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.5943115 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.09365247 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09365247 = score(doc=105,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25729886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1690016 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.36398324 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.2837366 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2837366 = score(doc=105,freq=13.0), product of:
             0.24680702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3750606 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             1.1496294 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
                 13.0 = termFreq=13.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.04563043 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04563043 = score(doc=105,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.116682656 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4222023 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.39106438 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
         0.0694313 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0694313 = score(doc=105,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30397344 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.083376 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020369325 = queryNorm
             0.22841237 = fieldWeight in 105, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=105)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)