Document (#36141)

Author

Shapira, B.
Zabar, B.

Title

Personalized search : integrating collaboration and social networks

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.1, S.146-160

Year

2011

Abstract

Despite improvements in their capabilities, search engines still fail to provide users with only relevant results. One reason is that most search engines implement a "one size fits all" approach that ignores personal preferences when retrieving the results of a user's query. Recent studies (Smyth, 2010) have elaborated the importance of personalizing search results and have proposed integrating recommender system methods for enhancing results using contextual and extrinsic information that might indicate the user's actual needs. In this article, we review recommender system methods used for personalizing and improving search results and examine the effect of two such methods that are merged for this purpose. One method is based on collaborative users' knowledge; the second integrates information from the user's social network. We propose new methods for collaborative-and social-based search and demonstrate that each of these methods, when separately applied, produce more accurate search results than does a purely keyword-based search engine (referred to as "standard search engine"), where the social search engine is more accurate than is the collaborative one. However, separately applied, these methods do not produce a sufficient number of results (low coverage). Nevertheless, merging these methods with those implemented by standard search engines overcomes the low-coverage problem and produces personalized results for users that display significantly more accurate results while also providing sufficient coverage than do standard search engines. The improvement, however, is significant only for topics for which the diversity of terms used for queries among users is low.

Theme

Suchmaschinen

Similar documents (author)

1. Shapira, B.: Hypertext browsing : a new model for information filtering based on user profiles and data clustering (1996) 5.62

   5.620886 = sum of:
     5.620886 = weight(author_txt:shapira in 4779) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.620886 = fieldWeight in 4779, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4779)
   

2. Shapira, B.; Shoval, P.; Hanani, U.: Stereotypes in information filtering systems (1997) 3.37

   3.3725317 = sum of:
     3.3725317 = weight(author_txt:shapira in 1157) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.3725317 = fieldWeight in 1157, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1157)
   

3. Shapira, B.; Kantor, P.B.; Melamed, B.: ¬The effect of extrinsic motivation on user behavior in a collaborative information finding system (2001) 3.37

   3.3725317 = sum of:
     3.3725317 = weight(author_txt:shapira in 525) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.3725317 = fieldWeight in 525, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=525)
   

4. Kuflik, T.; Shapira, B.; Shoval, P.: Stereotype-based versus personal-based filtering rules in information filtering systems (2003) 3.37

   3.3725317 = sum of:
     3.3725317 = weight(author_txt:shapira in 2234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.3725317 = fieldWeight in 2234, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2234)
   

5. Elovici, Y.; Shapira, Y.B.; Kantor, P.B.: ¬A decision theoretic approach to combining information filters : an analytical and empirical evaluation. (2006) 3.37

   3.3725317 = sum of:
     3.3725317 = weight(author_txt:shapira in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.3725317 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Bar-Ilan, J.: Comparing rankings of search results on the Web (2005) 0.37

   0.37472406 = sum of:
     0.37472406 = product of:
       0.8516456 = sum of:
         0.013162549 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013162549 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06616683 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.19892971 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.013165028 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013165028 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06617514 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0000628 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.1989422 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.015990892 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015990892 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07533477 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670323 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.21226442 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.024079459 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024079459 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09897181 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2230257 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.021597268 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021597268 = score(doc=2068,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.0730583 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.486037 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.068405844 = weight(abstract_txt:engine in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068405844 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19852224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7321458 = boost
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.34457523 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.08821801 = weight(abstract_txt:coverage in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08821801 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23520787 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8854098 = boost
               6.0010242 = idf(docFreq=298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.37506402 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0010242 = idf(docFreq=298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.21313241 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21313241 = score(doc=2068,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.24366525 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2158787 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.8746935 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.06775655 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06775655 = score(doc=2068,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2616416 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0375373 = boost
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.25896704 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.11527042 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11527042 = score(doc=2068,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.23710607 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2787764 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.4861555 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
         0.21086715 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21086715 = score(doc=2068,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.3489316 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.592826 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.6043223 = fieldWeight in 2068, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2068)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

2. Next generation search engines : advanced models for information retrieval (2012) 0.34

   0.33702633 = sum of:
     0.33702633 = product of:
       0.64812756 = sum of:
         0.01163416 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01163416 = score(doc=1357,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06616683 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.17583069 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.008228143 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008228143 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06617514 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0000628 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.12433887 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.018771632 = weight(abstract_txt:applied in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018771632 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1001839 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0046926 = boost
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.18737175 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.0099943075 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0099943075 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07533477 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670323 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.13266526 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.02697931 = weight(abstract_txt:standard in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02697931 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14605427 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.48572 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.18472114 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.015091551 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015091551 = score(doc=1357,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.0730583 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.486037 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.2065686 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.015442455 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015442455 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.110819824 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4943693 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.1393474 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.062948436 = weight(abstract_txt:personalized in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062948436 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22445014 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5038141 = boost
               7.179679 = idf(docFreq=91, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.28045622 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.179679 = idf(docFreq=91, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.0668304 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0668304 = score(doc=1357,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.15384732 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7607358 = boost
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.4343943 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.050392423 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050392423 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22151534 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8297077 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.22748953 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.123326436 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.123326436 = score(doc=1357,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.24366525 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2158787 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.5061306 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.045564633 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045564633 = score(doc=1357,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23710607 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2787764 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.19216983 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
         0.19292371 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19292371 = score(doc=1357,freq=15.0), product of:
             0.3489316 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.592826 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.55289835 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
               3.8729835 = tf(freq=15.0), with freq of:
                 15.0 = termFreq=15.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

3. Kruschwitz, U.; Lungley, D.; Albakour, M-D.; Song, D.: Deriving query suggestions for site search (2013) 0.31

   0.313095 = sum of:
     0.313095 = product of:
       0.71157956 = sum of:
         0.030034611 = weight(abstract_txt:applied in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030034611 = score(doc=2085,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1001839 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0046926 = boost
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.2997948 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.022614535 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022614535 = score(doc=2085,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07533477 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670323 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.3001872 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.024079459 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024079459 = score(doc=2085,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09897181 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2230257 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.021597268 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021597268 = score(doc=2085,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.0730583 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.486037 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.024707926 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024707926 = score(doc=2085,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.110819824 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4943693 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.22295584 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.068405844 = weight(abstract_txt:engine in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068405844 = score(doc=2085,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19852224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7321458 = boost
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.34457523 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.08062787 = weight(abstract_txt:user's in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08062787 = score(doc=2085,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22151534 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8297077 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.36398324 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.11392407 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11392407 = score(doc=2085,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.24366525 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2158787 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.46754336 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.09582223 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09582223 = score(doc=2085,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2616416 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0375373 = boost
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.3662347 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.0515505 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0515505 = score(doc=2085,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23710607 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2787764 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.21741535 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
         0.17821528 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17821528 = score(doc=2085,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.3489316 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.592826 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.5107456 = fieldWeight in 2085, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2085)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

4. Amolochitis, E.; Christou, I.T.; Tan, Z.-H.; Prasad, R.: ¬A heuristic hierarchical scheme for academic search and retrieval (2013) 0.30

   0.30134216 = sum of:
     0.30134216 = product of:
       0.6848685 = sum of:
         0.013162549 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013162549 = score(doc=3711,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06616683 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.19892971 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.013165028 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013165028 = score(doc=3711,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06617514 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0000628 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.1989422 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.027697036 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027697036 = score(doc=3711,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07533477 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670323 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.36765274 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.04170685 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04170685 = score(doc=3711,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09897181 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2230257 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.4214013 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.06104721 = weight(abstract_txt:standard in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06104721 = score(doc=3711,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14605427 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.48572 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.41797623 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.021597268 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021597268 = score(doc=3711,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.0730583 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.486037 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.024707926 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024707926 = score(doc=3711,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.110819824 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4943693 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.22295584 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.09674048 = weight(abstract_txt:engine in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09674048 = score(doc=3711,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19852224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7321458 = boost
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.48730296 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.08055648 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08055648 = score(doc=3711,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24366525 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2158787 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.3306031 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.12627243 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12627243 = score(doc=3711,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.23710607 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2787764 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.5325567 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
         0.17821528 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17821528 = score(doc=3711,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.3489316 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.592826 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.5107456 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

5. Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.: How are we searching the World Wide Web? : A comparison of nine search engine transaction logs (2006) 0.29

   0.29108462 = sum of:
     0.29108462 = product of:
       0.80856836 = sum of:
         0.022802498 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022802498 = score(doc=1968,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06617514 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0000628 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.344578 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.015990892 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015990892 = score(doc=1968,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07533477 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670323 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.21226442 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.024079459 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024079459 = score(doc=1968,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09897181 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2230257 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.010798634 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010798634 = score(doc=1968,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0730583 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.486037 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.14780845 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.034942284 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034942284 = score(doc=1968,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.110819824 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4943693 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.31530717 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.118482396 = weight(abstract_txt:engine in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.118482396 = score(doc=1968,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.19852224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7321458 = boost
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.5968218 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5132036 = idf(docFreq=486, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.22784814 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22784814 = score(doc=1968,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.24366525 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2158787 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.9350867 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.089288086 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.089288086 = score(doc=1968,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.23710607 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2787764 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.37657443 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
         0.264336 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1968) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.264336 = score(doc=1968,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.3489316 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.592826 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020788383 = queryNorm
             0.75755817 = fieldWeight in 1968, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1968)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)