Document (#43158)

Author
Yigit-Sert, S.
Altingovde, I.S.
Macdonald, C.
Ounis, I.
Ulusoy, Ö,
Title
Explicit diversification of search results across multiple dimensions for educational search
Source
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 72(2021) no.3, S.315-330
Year
2021
Abstract
Making use of search systems to foster learning is an emerging research trend known as search as learning. Earlier works identified result diversification as a useful technique to support learning-oriented search, since diversification ensures a comprehensive coverage of various aspects of the queried topic in the result list. Inspired by this finding, first we define a new research problem, multidimensional result diversification, in the context of educational search. We argue that in a search engine for the education domain, it is necessary to diversify results across multiple dimensions, that is, not only for the topical aspects covered by the retrieved documents, but also for other dimensions, such as the type of the document (e.g., text, video, etc.) or its intellectual level (say, for beginners/experts). Second, we propose a framework that extends the probabilistic and supervised diversification methods to take into account the coverage of such multiple dimensions. We demonstrate its effectiveness upon a newly developed test collection based on a real-life educational search engine. Thorough experiments based on gathered relevance annotations reveal that the proposed framework outperforms the baseline by up to 2.4%. An alternative evaluation utilizing user clicks also yields improvements of up to 2% w.r.t. various metrics.
Content
Vgl.: https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24403.

Similar documents (author)

  1. Ozcan, R.; Altingovde, I.S.; Ulusoy, O.: Exploiting navigational queries for result presentation and caching in Web search engines (2011) 2.85
    2.8459072 = sum of:
      2.8459072 = product of:
        4.268861 = sum of:
          2.040127 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 4364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.040127 = score(doc=4364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.565674 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              3.606542 = fieldWeight in 4364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4364)
          2.2287335 = weight(author_txt:ulusoy in 4364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.2287335 = score(doc=4364,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.60002154 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0299125 = boost
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              3.7144227 = fieldWeight in 4364, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4364)
        0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    
  2. Yilmaz, T.; Ozcan, R.; Altingovde, I.S.; Ulusoy, Ö.: Improving educational web search for question-like queries through subject classification (2019) 2.37
    2.3715894 = sum of:
      2.3715894 = product of:
        3.557384 = sum of:
          1.700106 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 5041) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.700106 = score(doc=5041,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.565674 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              3.005452 = fieldWeight in 5041, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=5041)
          1.8572781 = weight(author_txt:ulusoy in 5041) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.8572781 = score(doc=5041,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.60002154 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0299125 = boost
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              3.0953524 = fieldWeight in 5041, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=5041)
        0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    
  3. Sarigil, E.; Sengor Altingovde, I.; Blanco, R.; Barla Cambazoglu, B.; Ozcan, R.; Ulusoy, Ö.: Characterizing, predicting, and handling web search queries that match very few or no results (2018) 1.90
    1.8972715 = sum of:
      1.8972715 = product of:
        2.8459072 = sum of:
          1.3600848 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 4039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.3600848 = score(doc=4039,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.565674 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              2.4043615 = fieldWeight in 4039, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4039)
          1.4858224 = weight(author_txt:ulusoy in 4039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.4858224 = score(doc=4039,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.60002154 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0299125 = boost
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              2.476282 = fieldWeight in 4039, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
                0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4039)
        0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    
  4. Sengor Altingovde, I. => Altingovde, I.S.: 1.12
    1.1220127 = sum of:
      1.1220127 = product of:
        3.366038 = sum of:
          3.366038 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.366038 = score(doc=154,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.565674 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              5.950491 = fieldWeight in 154, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.4375 = fieldNorm(doc=154)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    
  5. Altingovde, I. Sengor => Sengor Altingovde, I.: 0.96
    0.9617252 = sum of:
      0.9617252 = product of:
        2.8851755 = sum of:
          2.8851755 = weight(author_txt:altingovde in 135) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            2.8851755 = score(doc=135,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.565674 = queryWeight, product of:
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.058817487 = queryNorm
              5.100421 = fieldWeight in 135, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=135)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Yanovsky, S.; Hoernle, N.; Lev, O.; Gal, K.: One size does not fit all : a study of badge behavior in stack overflow (2021) 2.38
    2.3751721 = sum of:
      2.3751721 = sum of:
        0.04356348 = weight(abstract_txt:outperforms in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04356348 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.09800669 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.11192 = idf(docFreq=97, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.444495 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.11192 = idf(docFreq=97, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.04789408 = weight(abstract_txt:thorough in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04789408 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.10439873 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0320952 = boost
              7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.45876116 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.3401785 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.048404343 = weight(abstract_txt:annotations in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.048404343 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.10513893 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0357475 = boost
              7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.4603846 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.04893198 = weight(abstract_txt:inspired in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04893198 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.10590159 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0394974 = boost
              7.3928223 = idf(docFreq=73, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.4620514 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.3928223 = idf(docFreq=73, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.050334305 = weight(abstract_txt:supervised in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.050334305 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.10791539 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0493342 = boost
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.4664238 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.052529957 = weight(abstract_txt:yields in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.052529957 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.11103128 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0643754 = boost
              7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.47310954 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.5697527 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.05467753 = weight(abstract_txt:foster in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05467753 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.11403721 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.078687 = boost
              7.6715355 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.47947097 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.6715355 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.07277842 = weight(abstract_txt:ensures in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07277842 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.13798834 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.1865699 = boost
              8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.5274244 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.43879 = idf(docFreq=25, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.029053826 = weight(abstract_txt:various in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.029053826 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.07481285 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2355925 = boost
              4.3937173 = idf(docFreq=1484, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.3883534 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3937173 = idf(docFreq=1484, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.082713105 = weight(abstract_txt:clicks in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.082713105 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.1502762 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2382754 = boost
              8.806516 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.55040723 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.806516 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.08433413 = weight(abstract_txt:queried in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08433413 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.15223326 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2463124 = boost
              8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.55397964 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.087957434 = weight(abstract_txt:beginners in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.087957434 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.15656295 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2639115 = boost
              8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.5618023 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.03228492 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03228492 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08026148 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2797959 = boost
              4.550903 = idf(docFreq=1268, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.40224677 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.550903 = idf(docFreq=1268, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.01288868 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.01288868 = score(doc=151,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.04351573 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.3326782 = boost
              2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.2961844 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.036708232 = weight(abstract_txt:aspects in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.036708232 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08743452 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.3357606 = boost
              4.7499113 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.41983682 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.7499113 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.032073047 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.032073047 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.10068022 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.433373 = boost
              5.097017 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.31856355 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              5.097017 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.05784163 = weight(abstract_txt:engine in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05784163 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11839526 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.5543697 = boost
              5.5272765 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.48854682 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.5272765 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.073980264 = weight(abstract_txt:coverage in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.073980264 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13950333 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.68725 = boost
              5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.5303118 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.9997935 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.06747831 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06747831 = score(doc=151,freq=3.0), product of:
            0.13120492 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.0040467 = boost
              4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.51429707 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                3.0 = termFreq=3.0
              4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.08359614 = weight(abstract_txt:result in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08359614 = score(doc=151,freq=3.0), product of:
            0.15134385 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.1523612 = boost
              5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.552359 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                3.0 = termFreq=3.0
              5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.069662 = weight(abstract_txt:multiple in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.069662 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15341519 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.16704 = boost
              5.137272 = idf(docFreq=705, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.45407498 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.137272 = idf(docFreq=705, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.11696269 = weight(abstract_txt:educational in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11696269 = score(doc=151,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.21672182 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.5756338 = boost
              6.1059003 = idf(docFreq=267, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.53969043 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.1059003 = idf(docFreq=267, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.1745604 = weight(abstract_txt:dimensions in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.1745604 = score(doc=151,freq=3.0), product of:
            0.27213478 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.3326843 = boost
              5.925446 = idf(docFreq=320, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.6414483 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                3.0 = termFreq=3.0
              5.925446 = idf(docFreq=320, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.11616557 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11616557 = score(doc=151,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.20743012 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.114841 = boost
              3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            0.56002265 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        0.79779756 = weight(abstract_txt:diversification in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.79779756 = score(doc=151,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.7335096 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.117304 = boost
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.013780623 = queryNorm
            1.0876443 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
    
  2. Ozdemiray, A.M.; Altingovde, I.S.: Explicit search result diversification using score and rank aggregation methods (2015) 0.30
    0.30420518 = sum of:
      0.30420518 = product of:
        1.2675216 = sum of:
          0.04893198 = weight(abstract_txt:inspired in 1856) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04893198 = score(doc=1856,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10590159 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0394974 = boost
                7.3928223 = idf(docFreq=73, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.4620514 = fieldWeight in 1856, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.3928223 = idf(docFreq=73, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1856)
          0.011161924 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1856) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011161924 = score(doc=1856,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.04351573 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3326782 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 1856, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1856)
          0.036708232 = weight(abstract_txt:aspects in 1856) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036708232 = score(doc=1856,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.08743452 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3357606 = boost
                4.7499113 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.41983682 = fieldWeight in 1856, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.7499113 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1856)
          0.04826425 = weight(abstract_txt:result in 1856) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04826425 = score(doc=1856,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15134385 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1523612 = boost
                5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.3189046 = fieldWeight in 1856, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1856)
          0.06706822 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1856) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06706822 = score(doc=1856,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.20743012 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.114841 = boost
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.3233292 = fieldWeight in 1856, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1856)
          1.055387 = weight(abstract_txt:diversification in 1856) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.055387 = score(doc=1856,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.7335096 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.117304 = boost
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              1.4388182 = fieldWeight in 1856, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1856)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. He, J.; Meij, E.; Rijke, M. de: Result diversification based on query-specific cluster ranking (2011) 0.22
    0.21681632 = sum of:
      0.21681632 = product of:
        1.3551021 = sum of:
          0.060399555 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 4355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.060399555 = score(doc=4355,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.08026148 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2797959 = boost
                4.550903 = idf(docFreq=1268, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.7525348 = fieldWeight in 4355, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                4.550903 = idf(docFreq=1268, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4355)
          0.014409983 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014409983 = score(doc=4355,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.04351573 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3326782 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.3311442 = fieldWeight in 4355, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4355)
          0.08359614 = weight(abstract_txt:result in 4355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08359614 = score(doc=4355,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.15134385 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1523612 = boost
                5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.552359 = fieldWeight in 4355, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4355)
          1.1966964 = weight(abstract_txt:diversification in 4355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.1966964 = score(doc=4355,freq=9.0), product of:
              0.7335096 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.117304 = boost
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              1.6314665 = fieldWeight in 4355, product of:
                3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                  9.0 = termFreq=9.0
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4355)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)
    
  4. Schaer, P.; Mayr, P.; Sünkler, S.; Lewandowski, D.: How relevant is the long tail? : a relevance assessment study on million short (2016) 0.17
    0.16919596 = sum of:
      0.16919596 = product of:
        0.8459798 = sum of:
          0.008055425 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3144) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008055425 = score(doc=3144,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.04351573 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3326782 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 3144, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3144)
          0.102250524 = weight(abstract_txt:engine in 3144) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.102250524 = score(doc=3144,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.11839526 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5543697 = boost
                5.5272765 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.863637 = fieldWeight in 3144, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.5272765 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3144)
          0.104495175 = weight(abstract_txt:result in 3144) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.104495175 = score(doc=3144,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.15134385 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1523612 = boost
                5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.69044876 = fieldWeight in 3144, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.1024737 = idf(docFreq=730, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3144)
          0.1325552 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3144) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1325552 = score(doc=3144,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.20743012 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.114841 = boost
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.63903546 = fieldWeight in 3144, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.6580524 = idf(docFreq=3098, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3144)
          0.4986235 = weight(abstract_txt:diversification in 3144) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4986235 = score(doc=3144,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7335096 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.117304 = boost
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.67977774 = fieldWeight in 3144, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3144)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Frank, H,; Behrmann, H,: Overcoming the language barriers within Europe by language guidance teaching and by optimization of the choice of a language of communication (1977) 0.13
    0.13420418 = sum of:
      0.13420418 = product of:
        0.8387761 = sum of:
          0.030816237 = weight(abstract_txt:various in 2094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.030816237 = score(doc=2094,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07481285 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2355925 = boost
                4.3937173 = idf(docFreq=1484, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.411911 = fieldWeight in 2094, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.3937173 = idf(docFreq=1484, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2094)
          0.05843793 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 2094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05843793 = score(doc=2094,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13120492 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0040467 = boost
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.44539434 = fieldWeight in 2094, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2094)
          0.15117376 = weight(abstract_txt:dimensions in 2094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15117376 = score(doc=2094,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.27213478 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3326843 = boost
                5.925446 = idf(docFreq=320, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.5555106 = fieldWeight in 2094, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.925446 = idf(docFreq=320, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2094)
          0.5983482 = weight(abstract_txt:diversification in 2094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.5983482 = score(doc=2094,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7335096 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.117304 = boost
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.013780623 = queryNorm
              0.81573325 = fieldWeight in 2094, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2094)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)