Document (#35672)

Author

Wunderlich, D.

Title

Argument hierarchy and other factors determining argument realization

Source

Semantic role universals and argument linking: theoretical, typological, and psycholinguistic perspectives. Eds.: I. Bornkessel u.a

Imprint

Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter

Year

2006

Pages

S.15-52

Series

Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 165

Abstract

Most, if not all argument linking systems derive from generalizations based on agentive transitive verbs. Cross-linguistically, the creation of relational predicates (encoded in basic transitive verbs) is governed by a universal principle: the higher argument is more agent-like and more salient in terms of person, animacy and specificity than the lower one. Since also non-agentive types of verbs are possible, every language has to make certain generalizations covering these types of verbs, and since variation in the sortal or referential type of argument values is possible, every language has to make certain generalizations for non-canonical distributions of those values. Moreover, every language has to set off the set of transitive verbs from intransitive ones, for instance, to reflect conditions under which transitive verbs are reduced and, vice versa, intransitive verbs are enriched. Finally, every language has to make certain provisos of how to deal with 3-place predicates (to be encoded in ditransitive verbs or verb serialization), and to supply with further means of complex predicate formation. The central function of agentive transitive verbs in a grammar is also reflected in the theories concerned with argument linking. Several theories, including classical generative grammar, only accept two true ('structural') arguments of a verb, designated by abstract case ('accusative' vs. 'nominative') or grammatical function ('object' vs. 'subject'). Semantically oriented theories distinguish between proto-agent and proto-patient roles (Dowty 1991), while Role and Reference Grammar (RRG; Van Valin 1993) mediates between semantic and structural properties by the two macroroles 'actor' and 'undergoer'. It is generally accepted that agents are more salient than patients, hence better candidates for topic, whereas patients are better candidates for focus.

Field

Sprachwissenschaft

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