Document (#799)

Author
Trenner, L.
Title
¬A comparative survey of the friendliness of online "help" in interactive information retrieval systems
Source
Information processing and management. 25(1989), S.119-136
Year
1989
Abstract
This article discusses the provision of "help" in interactive information retrieval system (IIRS) and describes a comparative survey of the "help" facilities of 16 such systems. Six guidelines for the design of a "help" facility are drawn up and these are used to evaluate the quality and friendliness of the "help" provided by each system. The scores indicate that "help" on IIRS is often inadequate, especially on the commercial online systems. This article concludes by discussing why "help" is so unfriendly and by suggesting some ways in which online "help" could be improved
Theme
OPAC

Similar documents (content)

  1. Lim, A.: User perception of help features in library automation systems (1996) 0.17
    0.16837406 = sum of:
      0.16837406 = product of:
        0.7015586 = sum of:
          0.036613148 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluate in 2435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036613148 = score(doc=2435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08815354 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.005345 = boost
                5.316273 = idf(docFreq=592, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.41533384 = fieldWeight in 2435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.316273 = idf(docFreq=592, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2435)
          0.018698527 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 2435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018698527 = score(doc=2435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07096267 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2756314 = boost
                3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.26349807 = fieldWeight in 2435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2435)
          0.059418146 = weight(abstract_txt:survey in 2435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.059418146 = score(doc=2435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15338084 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.875408 = boost
                4.958587 = idf(docFreq=847, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.38738963 = fieldWeight in 2435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.958587 = idf(docFreq=847, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2435)
          0.06488338 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 2435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06488338 = score(doc=2435,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.10888159 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9352323 = boost
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.59590775 = fieldWeight in 2435, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2435)
          0.035975415 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 2435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035975415 = score(doc=2435,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12565874 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.078989 = boost
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.28629458 = fieldWeight in 2435, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2435)
          0.48597 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 2435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.48597 = score(doc=2435,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.5780002 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.2812214 = boost
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.84077823 = fieldWeight in 2435, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2435)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. White, F.: ¬An evaluation of online help for the NOTIS OPAC (1994) 0.16
    0.15659243 = sum of:
      0.15659243 = product of:
        0.65246844 = sum of:
          0.03603228 = weight(abstract_txt:concludes in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03603228 = score(doc=6356,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08721869 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2880087 = idf(docFreq=609, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.4131257 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2880087 = idf(docFreq=609, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
          0.036613148 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluate in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036613148 = score(doc=6356,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08815354 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.005345 = boost
                5.316273 = idf(docFreq=592, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.41533384 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.316273 = idf(docFreq=592, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
          0.041811172 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.041811172 = score(doc=6356,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.07096267 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2756314 = boost
                3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.58919954 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
          0.041035857 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.041035857 = score(doc=6356,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.10888159 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9352323 = boost
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.37688518 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
          0.06231125 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06231125 = score(doc=6356,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.12565874 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.078989 = boost
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.4958768 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
          0.43466473 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 6356) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.43466473 = score(doc=6356,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.5780002 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.2812214 = boost
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.7520149 = fieldWeight in 6356, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6356)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. Haas, S.W.: Improving the search environment : informed decision making in the search for statistical information (2003) 0.15
    0.14871892 = sum of:
      0.14871892 = product of:
        0.531139 = sum of:
          0.028825823 = weight(abstract_txt:concludes in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028825823 = score(doc=2687,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08721869 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2880087 = idf(docFreq=609, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.33050054 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2880087 = idf(docFreq=609, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
          0.04407415 = weight(abstract_txt:provision in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04407415 = score(doc=2687,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11575623 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1520396 = boost
                6.0919957 = idf(docFreq=272, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.38074973 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0919957 = idf(docFreq=272, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
          0.04892684 = weight(abstract_txt:facilities in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04892684 = score(doc=2687,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12410421 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1928573 = boost
                6.30784 = idf(docFreq=219, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.39424 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.30784 = idf(docFreq=219, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
          0.014958819 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014958819 = score(doc=2687,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07096267 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2756314 = boost
                3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
          0.016381811 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016381811 = score(doc=2687,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0753945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3148617 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.21728125 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
          0.030239742 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.030239742 = score(doc=2687,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09004794 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4369681 = boost
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.33581826 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
          0.3477318 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 2687) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3477318 = score(doc=2687,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.5780002 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.2812214 = boost
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.6016119 = fieldWeight in 2687, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2687)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  4. Rowley, J.: Setting the scene (1994) 0.12
    0.12397192 = sum of:
      0.12397192 = product of:
        0.6198596 = sum of:
          0.07109912 = weight(abstract_txt:improved in 7949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07109912 = score(doc=7949,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.100302376 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0723853 = boost
                5.6707826 = idf(docFreq=415, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.7088478 = fieldWeight in 7949, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6707826 = idf(docFreq=415, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7949)
          0.09785368 = weight(abstract_txt:facilities in 7949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09785368 = score(doc=7949,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12410421 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1928573 = boost
                6.30784 = idf(docFreq=219, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.78848 = fieldWeight in 7949, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.30784 = idf(docFreq=219, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7949)
          0.056748252 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 7949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.056748252 = score(doc=7949,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.0753945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3148617 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.7526843 = fieldWeight in 7949, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7949)
          0.04642677 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 7949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04642677 = score(doc=7949,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10888159 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9352323 = boost
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.42639688 = fieldWeight in 7949, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7949)
          0.3477318 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 7949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3477318 = score(doc=7949,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5780002 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.2812214 = boost
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.6016119 = fieldWeight in 7949, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7949)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Escher, A.: CD-ROM-Angebot von Datenbanken, eine Chance für den Endbenutzer (1990) 0.12
    0.122195736 = sum of:
      0.122195736 = product of:
        0.7637234 = sum of:
          0.028668169 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028668169 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0753945 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3148617 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.3802422 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.040623426 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.040623426 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10888159 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9352323 = boost
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.37309727 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.3901665 = weight(abstract_txt:friendliness in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3901665 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.42977354 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.13928 = boost
                8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.90784204 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.30426532 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30426532 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5780002 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.2812214 = boost
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.016493673 = queryNorm
              0.5264104 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)