Document (#44401)

Author
Deeg, J.
Title
Denken wir quantenmechanisch?
Source
Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2025, H.1, S.64-70
Year
2025
Series
Quantenkognition
Abstract
Die Welt ist oft ungewiss. Wie unser Verstand damit umgeht, kann die klassische Statistik nur schlecht beschreiben. Wahrscheinlichkeitsmodelle aus der Quantenmechanik funktionieren hier besser. Wie unser Gehirn im Detail funktioniert, ist bis heute unklar. So ratseln Fachleute weiterhin darüber, wie genau wir Informationen verarbeiten und auf ihrer Grundlage Entscheidungen treffen. Zusätzlich kompliziert wird die Sache dadurch, dass unser Verhalten nicht zwangsläufig der klassischen Logik folgt. Ein bekanntes Beispiel hierfur ist folgendes: Eine fiktive Person namens Hans spielt ein Glücksspiel, bei dem eine Münze geworfen wird. Bei Kopf gewinnt er 200 Euro, bei Zahl verliert er 100. Teilt man ihm das Ergebnis nach dem ersten Wurf mit, spielt er in der Regel noch einmal - unabhängig davon, ob er verloren oder gewonnen hat. Lässt man ihn aber im Unklaren uber den Ausgang, lehnt er eine erneute Runde tendenziell ab. Dieses typische menschliche Verhalten haben erstmals Amos Tversky und Eldar Shafir von der Stanford beziehungsweise Princeton University im Jahr 1992 beschrieben und es widerspricht der klassischen Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie. Denn jener zufolge müsste sich Hans auch bei geheim gehaltenem Ergebnis für einen weiteren Wurf entscheiden, da er genau das unabhängig vom Resultat tut, wenn er es kennt.
Field
Informatik
Kognitionswissenschaft

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