-
Lund, B.D.: ¬A brief review of ChatGPT : its value and the underlying GPT technology (2023)
0.46
0.45773834 = sum of:
0.45773834 = product of:
1.4304323 = sum of:
0.09464249 = weight(abstract_txt:chatbot in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09464249 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.1356748 = queryWeight, product of:
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.69756866 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.09895245 = weight(abstract_txt:openai in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09895245 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.13976319 = queryWeight, product of:
1.014955 = boost
9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.7080008 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.026131494 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.026131494 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.072481625 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0336639 = boost
4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.3605258 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.012434781 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.012434781 = score(doc=1874,freq=2.0), product of:
0.047589794 = queryWeight, product of:
1.324318 = boost
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.022059208 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022059208 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.08156835 = queryWeight, product of:
1.550748 = boost
3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.2704383 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.08885282 = weight(abstract_txt:impacts in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08885282 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.16389509 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5543483 = boost
6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.5421323 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.054583304 = weight(abstract_txt:tasks in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054583304 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.13557784 = queryWeight, product of:
1.7314318 = boost
5.1532483 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.40259752 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.1532483 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
1.0327758 = weight(abstract_txt:chatgpt in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
1.0327758 = score(doc=1874,freq=5.0), product of:
0.7467155 = queryWeight, product of:
6.206932 = boost
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
1.3830914 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
5.0 = termFreq=5.0
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.32 = coord(8/25)
-
Aydin, Ö.; Karaarslan, E.: OpenAI ChatGPT generated literature review: : digital twin in healthcare (2022)
0.38
0.38320318 = sum of:
0.38320318 = product of:
1.3685827 = sum of:
0.09835536 = weight(abstract_txt:chatbot in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09835536 = score(doc=1852,freq=3.0), product of:
0.1356748 = queryWeight, product of:
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.7249346 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.18774907 = weight(abstract_txt:openai in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18774907 = score(doc=1852,freq=10.0), product of:
0.13976319 = queryWeight, product of:
1.014955 = boost
9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
1.343337 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.018264262 = weight(abstract_txt:focus in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018264262 = score(doc=1852,freq=1.0), product of:
0.08024519 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0876143 = boost
4.855588 = idf(docFreq=939, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.22760569 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.855588 = idf(docFreq=939, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.027007816 = weight(abstract_txt:able in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027007816 = score(doc=1852,freq=1.0), product of:
0.1041543 = queryWeight, product of:
1.2390933 = boost
5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.2593058 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.0052756304 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0052756304 = score(doc=1852,freq=1.0), product of:
0.047589794 = queryWeight, product of:
1.324318 = boost
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.11085634 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.032749984 = weight(abstract_txt:tasks in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032749984 = score(doc=1852,freq=1.0), product of:
0.13557784 = queryWeight, product of:
1.7314318 = boost
5.1532483 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.24155852 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.1532483 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.99918056 = weight(abstract_txt:chatgpt in 1852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.99918056 = score(doc=1852,freq=13.0), product of:
0.7467155 = queryWeight, product of:
6.206932 = boost
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
1.3381008 = fieldWeight in 1852, product of:
3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
13.0 = termFreq=13.0
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1852)
0.28 = coord(7/25)
-
Lund, B.D.: ¬A chat with ChatGPT : how will AI impact scholarly publishing? (2022)
0.34
0.34214926 = sum of:
0.34214926 = product of:
1.425622 = sum of:
0.13249949 = weight(abstract_txt:chatbot in 1851) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.13249949 = score(doc=1851,freq=1.0), product of:
0.1356748 = queryWeight, product of:
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.9765961 = fieldWeight in 1851, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1851)
0.057921674 = weight(abstract_txt:researchers in 1851) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.057921674 = score(doc=1851,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07814787 = queryWeight, product of:
1.073307 = boost
4.791714 = idf(docFreq=1001, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.7411804 = fieldWeight in 1851, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.791714 = idf(docFreq=1001, maxDocs=44421)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1851)
0.06301823 = weight(abstract_txt:able in 1851) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06301823 = score(doc=1851,freq=1.0), product of:
0.1041543 = queryWeight, product of:
1.2390933 = boost
5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.60504687 = fieldWeight in 1851, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1851)
0.021321204 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1851) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021321204 = score(doc=1851,freq=3.0), product of:
0.047589794 = queryWeight, product of:
1.324318 = boost
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.44802052 = fieldWeight in 1851, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1851)
0.03088289 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 1851) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03088289 = score(doc=1851,freq=1.0), product of:
0.08156835 = queryWeight, product of:
1.550748 = boost
3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.37861362 = fieldWeight in 1851, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1851)
1.1199785 = weight(abstract_txt:chatgpt in 1851) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
1.1199785 = score(doc=1851,freq=3.0), product of:
0.7467155 = queryWeight, product of:
6.206932 = boost
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
1.4998733 = fieldWeight in 1851, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1851)
0.24 = coord(6/25)
-
Lund, B.D.; Wang, T.; Mannuru, N.R.; Nie, B.; Shimray, S.; Wang, Z.: ChatGPT and a new academic reality : artificial Intelligence-written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing (2023)
0.34
0.33544275 = sum of:
0.33544275 = product of:
1.1980098 = sum of:
0.09464249 = weight(abstract_txt:chatbot in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09464249 = score(doc=1944,freq=1.0), product of:
0.1356748 = queryWeight, product of:
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.69756866 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.025428515 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.025428515 = score(doc=1944,freq=1.0), product of:
0.07117581 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0243105 = boost
4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.35726342 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.045261074 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045261074 = score(doc=1944,freq=3.0), product of:
0.072481625 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0336639 = boost
4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.62444896 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.029254865 = weight(abstract_txt:researchers in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029254865 = score(doc=1944,freq=1.0), product of:
0.07814787 = queryWeight, product of:
1.073307 = boost
4.791714 = idf(docFreq=1001, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.37435266 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.791714 = idf(docFreq=1001, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.008792717 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008792717 = score(doc=1944,freq=1.0), product of:
0.047589794 = queryWeight, product of:
1.324318 = boost
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.18476056 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.0708874 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0708874 = score(doc=1944,freq=1.0), product of:
0.19134237 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6554673 = boost
4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.37047416 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.9237428 = weight(abstract_txt:chatgpt in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.9237428 = score(doc=1944,freq=4.0), product of:
0.7467155 = queryWeight, product of:
6.206932 = boost
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
1.2370746 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.28 = coord(7/25)
-
Frederick, D.E.: ChatGPT: a viral data-driven disruption in the information environment (2023)
0.27
0.26959187 = sum of:
0.26959187 = product of:
0.9628281 = sum of:
0.020905195 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.020905195 = score(doc=1985,freq=1.0), product of:
0.072481625 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0336639 = boost
4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.28842062 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.02435235 = weight(abstract_txt:focus in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02435235 = score(doc=1985,freq=1.0), product of:
0.08024519 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0876143 = boost
4.855588 = idf(docFreq=939, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.30347425 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.855588 = idf(docFreq=939, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.009947823 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009947823 = score(doc=1985,freq=2.0), product of:
0.047589794 = queryWeight, product of:
1.324318 = boost
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.20903271 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.017647365 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017647365 = score(doc=1985,freq=1.0), product of:
0.08156835 = queryWeight, product of:
1.550748 = boost
3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.21635064 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.080199935 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.080199935 = score(doc=1985,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19134237 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6554673 = boost
4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.41914365 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.07078121 = weight(abstract_txt:education in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07078121 = score(doc=1985,freq=1.0), product of:
0.22181134 = queryWeight, product of:
2.8590863 = boost
5.105687 = idf(docFreq=731, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.31910545 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.105687 = idf(docFreq=731, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.73899424 = weight(abstract_txt:chatgpt in 1985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.73899424 = score(doc=1985,freq=4.0), product of:
0.7467155 = queryWeight, product of:
6.206932 = boost
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.015195055 = queryNorm
0.9896597 = fieldWeight in 1985, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1985)
0.28 = coord(7/25)