Document (#35769)

Author

Heylighen, F.

Title

Complexity and self-organization

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates

Imprint

London : Taylor & Francis

Year

2009

Pages

S.xx-xx

Abstract

This entry introduces some of the main concepts and methods of the science studying complex, self-organizing systems, and networks, in a nontechnical manner. Complexity cannot be strictly defined, only situated in between order and disorder. A complex system is typically modeled as a collection of interacting agents, representing components as diverse as people, cells, or molecules. Because of the nonlinearity of the interactions, the overall system evolution is to an important degree unpredictable and uncontrollable. However, the system tends to self-organize, in the sense that local interactions eventually produce global coordination and synergy. The resulting structure can in many cases be modeled as a network, with stabilized interactions functioning as links connecting the agents. Such complex, self-organized networks typically exhibit the properties of clustering, being scale-free, and forming a small world. These ideas have obvious applications in information science when studying networks of authors and their publications.

Footnote

Vgl.: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/book/10.1081/E-ELIS3.

Similar documents (content)

1. Wen, F.: Study on the research evolution of Nobel laureates 2018 based on self-citation network (2019) 0.07

   0.073279396 = sum of:
     0.073279396 = product of:
       0.45799625 = sum of:
         0.022072494 = weight(abstract_txt:science in 473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022072494 = score(doc=473,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.074117646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0313108 = boost
               3.850585 = idf(docFreq=2567, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.2978035 = fieldWeight in 473, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.850585 = idf(docFreq=2567, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=473)
         0.015732931 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015732931 = score(doc=473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.085297085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3550068 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.18444863 = fieldWeight in 473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=473)
         0.11075877 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11075877 = score(doc=473,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19737548 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.061204 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.5611577 = fieldWeight in 473, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=473)
         0.30943206 = weight(abstract_txt:self in 473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30943206 = score(doc=473,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.30757663 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9711215 = boost
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             1.0060325 = fieldWeight in 473, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=473)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

2. Lagoze, C.: Keeping Dublin Core simple : Cross-domain discovery or resource description? (2001) 0.07

   0.07211662 = sum of:
     0.07211662 = product of:
       0.30048594 = sum of:
         0.059570387 = weight(abstract_txt:disorder in 2216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059570387 = score(doc=2216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20864101 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2235271 = boost
               9.1365185 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.2855162 = fieldWeight in 2216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.1365185 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2216)
         0.008990247 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 2216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008990247 = score(doc=2216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.085297085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3550068 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.10539922 = fieldWeight in 2216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2216)
         0.064342566 = weight(abstract_txt:complexity in 2216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.064342566 = score(doc=2216,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17432846 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5816591 = boost
               5.90541 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.3690881 = fieldWeight in 2216, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.90541 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2216)
         0.04557876 = weight(abstract_txt:agents in 2216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04557876 = score(doc=2216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21990295 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7764144 = boost
               6.6325636 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.20726761 = fieldWeight in 2216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.6325636 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2216)
         0.06869126 = weight(abstract_txt:complex in 2216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06869126 = score(doc=2216,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.19350734 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0409064 = boost
               5.080062 = idf(docFreq=750, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.3549801 = fieldWeight in 2216, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.080062 = idf(docFreq=750, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2216)
         0.05331273 = weight(abstract_txt:self in 2216) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05331273 = score(doc=2216,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30757663 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9711215 = boost
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.17333154 = fieldWeight in 2216, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2216)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Leydesdorff, L.: ¬The communication of meaning and the structuration of expectations : Giddens' "structuration theory" and Luhmann's "self-organization" (2010) 0.07

   0.07149006 = sum of:
     0.07149006 = product of:
       0.44681287 = sum of:
         0.025428256 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025428256 = score(doc=4,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.085297085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3550068 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.298114 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.13576299 = weight(abstract_txt:modeled in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13576299 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.28678536 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0286505 = boost
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.47339582 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.10094092 = weight(abstract_txt:interactions in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10094092 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26942918 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.408223 = boost
               5.994357 = idf(docFreq=300, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.37464732 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.994357 = idf(docFreq=300, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.18468072 = weight(abstract_txt:self in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18468072 = score(doc=4,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.30757663 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9711215 = boost
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.60043806 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

4. Kim, K.-M.; Hong, J.-H.; Cho, S.-B.: ¬A semantic Bayesian network approach to retrieving information with intelligent conversational agents (2007) 0.07

   0.06536317 = sum of:
     0.06536317 = product of:
       0.40851983 = sum of:
         0.022475617 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022475617 = score(doc=1905,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.085297085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3550068 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.26349807 = fieldWeight in 1905, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1905)
         0.19736181 = weight(abstract_txt:agents in 1905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19736181 = score(doc=1905,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.21990295 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7764144 = boost
               6.6325636 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.8974951 = fieldWeight in 1905, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.6325636 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1905)
         0.07679917 = weight(abstract_txt:complex in 1905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07679917 = score(doc=1905,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19350734 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0409064 = boost
               5.080062 = idf(docFreq=750, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.39687985 = fieldWeight in 1905, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.080062 = idf(docFreq=750, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1905)
         0.11188325 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 1905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11188325 = score(doc=1905,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19737548 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.061204 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.5668549 = fieldWeight in 1905, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1905)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. O'Brien, H.L.; Lebow, M.: Mixed-methods approach to measuring user experience in online news interactions (2013) 0.06

   0.06325242 = sum of:
     0.06325242 = product of:
       0.39532763 = sum of:
         0.017980494 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 2001) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017980494 = score(doc=2001,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.085297085 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3550068 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 2001, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2001)
         0.08380395 = weight(abstract_txt:studying in 2001) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08380395 = score(doc=2001,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20791176 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7273021 = boost
               6.449194 = idf(docFreq=190, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.40307462 = fieldWeight in 2001, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.449194 = idf(docFreq=190, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2001)
         0.142752 = weight(abstract_txt:interactions in 2001) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.142752 = score(doc=2001,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.26942918 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.408223 = boost
               5.994357 = idf(docFreq=300, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.5298313 = fieldWeight in 2001, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.994357 = idf(docFreq=300, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2001)
         0.15079117 = weight(abstract_txt:self in 2001) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15079117 = score(doc=2001,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.30757663 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9711215 = boost
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018664027 = queryNorm
             0.49025562 = fieldWeight in 2001, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2001)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)