Document (#35434)

Author

Bhavnani, S.K.
Peck, F.A.

Title

Scatter matters : regularities and implications for the scatter of healthcare information on the Web

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.4, S.659-676

Year

2010

Abstract

Despite the development of huge healthcare Web sites and powerful search engines, many searchers end their searches prematurely with incomplete information. Recent studies suggest that users often retrieve incomplete information because of the complex scatter of relevant facts about a topic across Web pages. However, little is understood about regularities underlying such information scatter. To probe regularities within the scatter of facts across Web pages, this article presents the results of two analyses: (a) a cluster analysis of Web pages that reveals the existence of three page clusters that vary in information density and (b) a content analysis that suggests the role each of the above-mentioned page clusters play in providing comprehensive information. These results provide implications for the design of Web sites, search tools, and training to help users find comprehensive information about a topic and for a hypothesis describing the underlying mechanisms causing the scatter. We conclude by briefly discussing how the analysis of information scatter, at the granularity of facts, complements existing theories of information-seeking behavior.

Theme

Informationsmittel
Internet

Field

Medizin

Similar documents (content)

1. Bhavnani, S.K.: Why is it difficult to find comprehensive information? : implications of information scatter for search and design (2005) 0.46

   0.46131065 = sum of:
     0.46131065 = product of:
       0.82376903 = sum of:
         0.01737598 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01737598 = score(doc=4684,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.038880926 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.4469024 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.010315939 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010315939 = score(doc=4684,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.032563105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2942245 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.3167984 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.041098338 = weight(abstract_txt:topic in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041098338 = score(doc=4684,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.074351534 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.382855 = boost
               5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.5527571 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.036178846 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036178846 = score(doc=4684,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07516629 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3904113 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.4813174 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.056190502 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056190502 = score(doc=4684,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.08502481 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4787832 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.6608718 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.016363855 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016363855 = score(doc=4684,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05803695 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4963377 = boost
               3.6456752 = idf(docFreq=3151, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.2819558 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6456752 = idf(docFreq=3151, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.052652895 = weight(abstract_txt:comprehensive in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052652895 = score(doc=4684,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.08770451 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5019057 = boost
               5.4888616 = idf(docFreq=498, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.60034424 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.4888616 = idf(docFreq=498, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.028281994 = weight(abstract_txt:underlying in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028281994 = score(doc=4684,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09199561 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5382087 = boost
               5.6215343 = idf(docFreq=436, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.30742764 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6215343 = idf(docFreq=436, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.020276615 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020276615 = score(doc=4684,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.066954195 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6071863 = boost
               3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.3028431 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.04833349 = weight(abstract_txt:page in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04833349 = score(doc=4684,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10437164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6384113 = boost
               5.987735 = idf(docFreq=302, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.46309024 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.987735 = idf(docFreq=302, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.18721934 = weight(abstract_txt:healthcare in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18721934 = score(doc=4684,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.17848858 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1425793 = boost
               7.8302665 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             1.0489149 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               7.8302665 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.08412848 = weight(abstract_txt:pages in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08412848 = score(doc=4684,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.13721435 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3007905 = boost
               5.6056433 = idf(docFreq=443, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.6131172 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.6056433 = idf(docFreq=443, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.1985265 = weight(abstract_txt:facts in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1985265 = score(doc=4684,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.22577707 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9513264 = boost
               7.190608 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.8793032 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.190608 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
         0.026826283 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026826283 = score(doc=4684,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.07664884 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.978453 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.3499894 = fieldWeight in 4684, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4684)
       0.56 = coord(14/25)
   

2. Zhang, Y.; Broussard, R.; Ke, W.; Gong, X.: Evaluation of a scatter/gather interface for supporting distinct health information search tasks (2014) 0.27

   0.26596734 = sum of:
     0.26596734 = product of:
       1.1081973 = sum of:
         0.023496611 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023496611 = score(doc=2261,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.038880926 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.6043223 = fieldWeight in 2261, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2261)
         0.008336537 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008336537 = score(doc=2261,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.032563105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2942245 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 2261, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2261)
         0.028719034 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 2261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028719034 = score(doc=2261,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08502481 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4787832 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.3377724 = fieldWeight in 2261, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2261)
         0.050421648 = weight(abstract_txt:clusters in 2261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050421648 = score(doc=2261,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12374011 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7839675 = boost
               6.519684 = idf(docFreq=177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.40748024 = fieldWeight in 2261, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.519684 = idf(docFreq=177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2261)
         0.02317573 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02317573 = score(doc=2261,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07664884 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.978453 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.30236244 = fieldWeight in 2261, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2261)
         0.9740478 = weight(abstract_txt:scatter in 2261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.9740478 = score(doc=2261,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.7910161 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.438366 = boost
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             1.2313881 = fieldWeight in 2261, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2261)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Bhavnani, S.K.; Wilson, C.S.: Information scattering (2009) 0.19

   0.19173458 = sum of:
     0.19173458 = product of:
       0.68476635 = sum of:
         0.011101105 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011101105 = score(doc=803,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.038880926 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.28551546 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
         0.008508443 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008508443 = score(doc=803,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.032563105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2942245 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
         0.029355956 = weight(abstract_txt:topic in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029355956 = score(doc=803,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.074351534 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.382855 = boost
               5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.3948265 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
         0.02983981 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02983981 = score(doc=803,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07516629 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3904113 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.39698392 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
         0.020482475 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020482475 = score(doc=803,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.066954195 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6071863 = boost
               3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.3059177 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
         0.04096929 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04096929 = score(doc=803,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.07664884 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.978453 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.5345063 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
         0.5445093 = weight(abstract_txt:scatter in 803) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5445093 = score(doc=803,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7910161 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.438366 = boost
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.6883669 = fieldWeight in 803, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=803)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Pollitt, A.S.; Tinker, A.J.: Enhanced view-based searching through the decomposition of Dewey Decimal Classification codes (2000) 0.13

   0.12788738 = sum of:
     0.12788738 = product of:
       0.79929614 = sum of:
         0.00595591 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.00595591 = score(doc=486,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.032563105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2942245 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.18290362 = fieldWeight in 486, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=486)
         0.020887867 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020887867 = score(doc=486,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07516629 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3904113 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.27788875 = fieldWeight in 486, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=486)
         0.0101393815 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0101393815 = score(doc=486,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07664884 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.978453 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.13228357 = fieldWeight in 486, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=486)
         0.762313 = weight(abstract_txt:scatter in 486) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.762313 = score(doc=486,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.7910161 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.438366 = boost
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.96371365 = fieldWeight in 486, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=486)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Collins, L.M.; Hussell, J.A.T.; Hettinga, R.K.; Powell, J.E.; Mane, K.K.; Martinez, M.L.B.: Information visualization and large-scale repositories (2007) 0.12

   0.11602958 = sum of:
     0.11602958 = product of:
       0.5801479 = sum of:
         0.010989535 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3596) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010989535 = score(doc=3596,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.038880926 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.2826459 = fieldWeight in 3596, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3596)
         0.0042114644 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3596) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0042114644 = score(doc=3596,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.032563105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2942245 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.1293324 = fieldWeight in 3596, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3596)
         0.011570993 = weight(abstract_txt:analysis in 3596) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011570993 = score(doc=3596,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05803695 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4963377 = boost
               3.6456752 = idf(docFreq=3151, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.19937286 = fieldWeight in 3596, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6456752 = idf(docFreq=3151, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3596)
         0.0143392505 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3596) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0143392505 = score(doc=3596,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07664884 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.978453 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.18707721 = fieldWeight in 3596, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3596)
         0.5390367 = weight(abstract_txt:scatter in 3596) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5390367 = score(doc=3596,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.7910161 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.438366 = boost
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010638907 = queryNorm
             0.68144846 = fieldWeight in 3596, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.811096 = idf(docFreq=17, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3596)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)