Document (#34800)

Author

Urs, S.R.
Angrosh, M.A.

Title

Ontology-based knowledge organization systems in digital libraries : a comparison of experiments in OWL and KAON ontologies

Source

http://www.vidyanidhi.org.in/shaliniurs_files/icdl.pdf

Year

2006 (?)

Abstract

Grounded on a strong belief that ontologies enhance the performance of information retrieval systems, there has been an upsurge of interest in ontologies. Its importance is identified in diverse research fields such as knowledge engineering, knowledge representation, qualitative modeling, language engineering, database design, information integration, object-oriented analysis, information retrieval and extraction, knowledge management and agent-based systems design (Guarino, 1998). While the role-played by ontologies, automatically lends a place of legitimacy for these tools, research in this area gains greater significance in the wake of various challenges faced in the contemporary digital environment. With the objective of overcoming various pitfalls associated with current search mechanisms, ontologies are increasingly used for developing efficient information retrieval systems. An indicator of research interest in the area of ontology is the Swoogle, a search engine for Semantic Web documents, terms and data found on the Web (Ding, Li et al, 2004). Given the complex nature of the digital content archived in digital libraries, ontologies can be employed for designing efficient forms of information retrieval in digital libraries. Knowledge representation assumes greater significance due to its crucial role in ontology development. These systems aid in developing intelligent information systems, wherein the notion of intelligence implies the ability of the system to find implicit consequences of its explicitly represented knowledge (Baader and Nutt, 2003). Knowledge representation formalisms such as 'Description Logics' are used to obtain explicit knowledge representation of the subject domain. These representations are developed into ontologies, which are used for developing intelligent information systems. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the use of Description Logics for conceptually modeling a chosen domain, which would be utilized for developing domain ontologies. The knowledge representation languages identified for this purpose are Web Ontology Language (OWL) and KArlsruhe ONtology (KAON) language. Drawing upon the various technical constructs in developing ontology-based information systems, the paper explains the working of the prototypes and also presents a comparative study of the two prototypes.

Theme

Wissensrepräsentation
Information Gateway

Object

OWL
KAON

Similar documents (content)

1. Herre, H.: General Formal Ontology (GFO) : a foundational ontology for conceptual modelling (2010) 0.60

   0.5993192 = sum of:
     0.5993192 = product of:
       1.152537 = sum of:
         0.046652813 = weight(abstract_txt:area in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046652813 = score(doc=1771,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.098943524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0242734 = boost
               5.0294347 = idf(docFreq=789, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.47150952 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.0294347 = idf(docFreq=789, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.010406705 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010406705 = score(doc=1771,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06612942 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0255697 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.15736875 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.02436444 = weight(abstract_txt:interest in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02436444 = score(doc=1771,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10185752 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0392469 = boost
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.23920119 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.03860106 = weight(abstract_txt:engineering in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03860106 = score(doc=1771,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13842726 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2115268 = boost
               5.948895 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.27885446 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.948895 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.019957136 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019957136 = score(doc=1771,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10207469 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2741685 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.19551504 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.032852765 = weight(abstract_txt:various in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032852765 = score(doc=1771,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.112951115 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3403342 = boost
               4.387581 = idf(docFreq=1500, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.29085827 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.387581 = idf(docFreq=1500, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.065033376 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.065033376 = score(doc=1771,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.13120592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4445899 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.49565887 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.014679755 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014679755 = score(doc=1771,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.091547124 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9704914 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.1603519 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.054794937 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054794937 = score(doc=1771,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23729894 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5080726 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.23091102 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.058222696 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058222696 = score(doc=1771,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.18206105 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.778822 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.31979766 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.0973671 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0973671 = score(doc=1771,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.22137836 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.250095 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.43982214 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.30743727 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30743727 = score(doc=1771,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.35801622 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3746922 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.8587244 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
         0.38216683 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 1771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38216683 = score(doc=1771,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.5296368 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7395954 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.721564 = fieldWeight in 1771, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1771)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

2. Herre, H.: Formal ontology and the foundation of knowledge organization (2013) 0.55

   0.5462625 = sum of:
     0.5462625 = product of:
       1.1380469 = sum of:
         0.0138756065 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0138756065 = score(doc=1776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06612942 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0255697 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.20982501 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.051468074 = weight(abstract_txt:engineering in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051468074 = score(doc=1776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13842726 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2115268 = boost
               5.948895 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.37180594 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.948895 = idf(docFreq=314, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.07459246 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07459246 = score(doc=1776,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1407072 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2214631 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.53012544 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.026609518 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026609518 = score(doc=1776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10207469 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2741685 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.26068673 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.030973885 = weight(abstract_txt:various in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030973885 = score(doc=1776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.112951115 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3403342 = boost
               4.387581 = idf(docFreq=1500, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2742238 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.387581 = idf(docFreq=1500, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.038778413 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038778413 = score(doc=1776,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13120592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4445899 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.29555383 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.02397194 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02397194 = score(doc=1776,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.091547124 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9704914 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.26185355 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.10332233 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10332233 = score(doc=1776,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23729894 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5080726 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.43541 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.054892886 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054892886 = score(doc=1776,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18206105 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.778822 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.30150813 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.12019257 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12019257 = score(doc=1776,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.22137836 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.250095 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.5429283 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.32700014 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32700014 = score(doc=1776,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.35801622 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3746922 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.9133668 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
         0.27236903 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 1776) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27236903 = score(doc=1776,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5296368 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7395954 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.51425624 = fieldWeight in 1776, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1776)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

3. Noy, N.F.: Knowledge representation for intelligent information retrieval in experimental sciences (1997) 0.41

   0.41103068 = sum of:
     0.41103068 = product of:
       0.85631394 = sum of:
         0.012141156 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012141156 = score(doc=1694,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06612942 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0255697 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.18359688 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.056768194 = weight(abstract_txt:greater in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056768194 = score(doc=1694,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12820876 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.165953 = boost
               5.7251167 = idf(docFreq=393, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.4427794 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7251167 = idf(docFreq=393, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.0740249 = weight(abstract_txt:intelligent in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0740249 = score(doc=1694,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15302634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2738119 = boost
               6.25473 = idf(docFreq=231, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.48373958 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.25473 = idf(docFreq=231, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.023283327 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023283327 = score(doc=1694,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10207469 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2741685 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.22810088 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.035952065 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035952065 = score(doc=1694,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09455043 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4160186 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.3802422 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.03393111 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03393111 = score(doc=1694,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13120592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4445899 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2586096 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.038295753 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038295753 = score(doc=1694,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.091547124 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9704914 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.41831738 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.06392743 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06392743 = score(doc=1694,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23729894 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5080726 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2693962 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.07246088 = weight(abstract_txt:developing in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07246088 = score(doc=1694,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25797248 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6150434 = boost
               5.136203 = idf(docFreq=709, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.28088608 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.136203 = idf(docFreq=709, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.060719058 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060719058 = score(doc=1694,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.22137836 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.250095 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2742773 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.21629027 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21629027 = score(doc=1694,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.35801622 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3746922 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.6041354 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
         0.16851974 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 1694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16851974 = score(doc=1694,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5296368 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7395954 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.31817982 = fieldWeight in 1694, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1694)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

4. Gómez-Pérez, A.; Corcho, O.: Ontology languages for the Semantic Web (2015) 0.39

   0.39295015 = sum of:
     0.39295015 = product of:
       0.9823754 = sum of:
         0.024033256 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024033256 = score(doc=4297,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06612942 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0255697 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.36342758 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.059821155 = weight(abstract_txt:intelligent in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059821155 = score(doc=4297,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15302634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2738119 = boost
               6.25473 = idf(docFreq=231, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.39092064 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.25473 = idf(docFreq=231, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.046089035 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046089035 = score(doc=4297,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.10207469 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2741685 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.45152265 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.02397194 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02397194 = score(doc=4297,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.091547124 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9704914 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.26185355 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.07305992 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07305992 = score(doc=4297,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23729894 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5080726 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.30788136 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.082812436 = weight(abstract_txt:developing in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.082812436 = score(doc=4297,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25797248 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6150434 = boost
               5.136203 = idf(docFreq=709, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.32101268 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.136203 = idf(docFreq=709, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.054892886 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054892886 = score(doc=4297,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18206105 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.778822 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.30150813 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.09813682 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09813682 = score(doc=4297,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.22137836 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.250095 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.44329908 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.24718887 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24718887 = score(doc=4297,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.35801622 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3746922 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.6904404 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
         0.27236903 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4297) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27236903 = score(doc=4297,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5296368 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7395954 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.51425624 = fieldWeight in 4297, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4297)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

5. Das, S.; Naskar, D.; Roy, S.: Reorganizing educational institutional domain using faceted ontological principles (2022) 0.39

   0.39076656 = sum of:
     0.39076656 = product of:
       0.8881058 = sum of:
         0.017170187 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017170187 = score(doc=2100,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06612942 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0255697 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2596452 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.02842518 = weight(abstract_txt:interest in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02842518 = score(doc=2100,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10185752 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0392469 = boost
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.27906805 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1029587 = idf(docFreq=733, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.023283327 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023283327 = score(doc=2100,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10207469 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2741685 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.22810088 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.035952065 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035952065 = score(doc=2100,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09455043 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4160186 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.3802422 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.075872265 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.075872265 = score(doc=2100,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.13120592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4445899 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.57826865 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.02422036 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02422036 = score(doc=2100,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.091547124 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9704914 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.26456714 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.06392743 = weight(abstract_txt:representation in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06392743 = score(doc=2100,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23729894 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5080726 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2693962 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.048031274 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048031274 = score(doc=2100,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18206105 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.778822 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2638196 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.060719058 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060719058 = score(doc=2100,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.22137836 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.250095 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.2742773 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.34198493 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.34198493 = score(doc=2100,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.35801622 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3746922 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.9552219 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
         0.16851974 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 2100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16851974 = score(doc=2100,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5296368 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7395954 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01920668 = queryNorm
             0.31817982 = fieldWeight in 2100, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2100)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)