Document (#34067)

Author

Qin, T.
Zhang, X.-D.
Tsai, M.-F.
Wang, D.-S.
Liu, T.-Y.
Li, H.

Title

Query-level loss functions for information retrieval

Source

Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.2, S.838-855

Year

2008

Abstract

Many machine learning technologies such as support vector machines, boosting, and neural networks have been applied to the ranking problem in information retrieval. However, since originally the methods were not developed for this task, their loss functions do not directly link to the criteria used in the evaluation of ranking. Specifically, the loss functions are defined on the level of documents or document pairs, in contrast to the fact that the evaluation criteria are defined on the level of queries. Therefore, minimizing the loss functions does not necessarily imply enhancing ranking performances. To solve this problem, we propose using query-level loss functions in learning of ranking functions. We discuss the basic properties that a query-level loss function should have and propose a query-level loss function based on the cosine similarity between a ranking list and the corresponding ground truth. We further design a coordinate descent algorithm, referred to as RankCosine, which utilizes the proposed loss function to create a generalized additive ranking model. We also discuss whether the loss functions of existing ranking algorithms can be extended to query-level. Experimental results on the datasets of TREC web track, OHSUMED, and a commercial web search engine show that with the use of the proposed query-level loss function we can significantly improve ranking accuracies. Furthermore, we found that it is difficult to extend the document-level loss functions to query-level loss functions.

Similar documents (author)

1. Tsai, M.-.F.; Chen, H.-H.; Wang, Y.-T.: Learning a merge model for multilingual information retrieval (2011) 2.11

   2.1065874 = sum of:
     2.1065874 = product of:
       3.159881 = sum of:
         0.87021613 = weight(author_txt:wang in 2750) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.87021613 = score(doc=2750,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.42442524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.0503402 = fieldWeight in 2750, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2750)
         2.289665 = weight(author_txt:tsai in 2750) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.289665 = score(doc=2750,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.8089054 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4100231 = boost
               9.05783 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.830572 = fieldWeight in 2750, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.05783 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2750)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

2. Cui, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, X.; Zhang, X.: Multidimensional scholarly citations : characterizing and understanding scholars' citation behaviors (2023) 1.36

   1.3649528 = sum of:
     1.3649528 = product of:
       2.047429 = sum of:
         0.81675774 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.81675774 = score(doc=847,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4068603 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.007465 = fieldWeight in 847, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=847)
         1.2306713 = weight(author_txt:wang in 847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2306713 = score(doc=847,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.42442524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.8996186 = fieldWeight in 847, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=847)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

3. Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.; Zhang, J.: Identifying Web search session patterns using cluster analysis : a comparison of three search environments (2009) 1.35

   1.3495792 = sum of:
     1.3495792 = product of:
       2.0243688 = sum of:
         0.98010933 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 2796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.98010933 = score(doc=2796,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4068603 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.408958 = fieldWeight in 2796, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2796)
         1.0442593 = weight(author_txt:wang in 2796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0442593 = score(doc=2796,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.42442524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.4604082 = fieldWeight in 2796, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2796)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

4. Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.: Analysis of query keywords of sports-related queries using visualization and clustering (2009) 1.35

   1.3495792 = sum of:
     1.3495792 = product of:
       2.0243688 = sum of:
         0.98010933 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 2947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.98010933 = score(doc=2947,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4068603 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.408958 = fieldWeight in 2947, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2947)
         1.0442593 = weight(author_txt:wang in 2947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0442593 = score(doc=2947,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.42442524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.4604082 = fieldWeight in 2947, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2947)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

5. Zhang, L.; Wang, S.; Liu, B.: Deep learning for sentiment analysis : a survey (2018) 1.35

   1.3495792 = sum of:
     1.3495792 = product of:
       2.0243688 = sum of:
         0.98010933 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 4092) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.98010933 = score(doc=4092,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4068603 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.408958 = fieldWeight in 4092, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4238877 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4092)
         1.0442593 = weight(author_txt:wang in 4092) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0442593 = score(doc=4092,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.42442524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0213579 = boost
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.06333552 = queryNorm
             2.4604082 = fieldWeight in 4092, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4092)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Fan, W.; Gordon, M.D.; Pathak, P.: ¬A generic ranking function discovery framework by genetic programming for information retrieval (2004) 0.21

   0.21317032 = sum of:
     0.21317032 = product of:
       0.8882097 = sum of:
         0.020262778 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluation in 2554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020262778 = score(doc=2554,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.048179444 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1749104 = boost
               4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.42056894 = fieldWeight in 2554, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4860687 = idf(docFreq=1353, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2554)
         0.008445058 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008445058 = score(doc=2554,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.026882164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2411406 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.314151 = fieldWeight in 2554, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2554)
         0.030632747 = weight(abstract_txt:propose in 2554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030632747 = score(doc=2554,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.063462876 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3484465 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.48268765 = fieldWeight in 2554, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2554)
         0.11009111 = weight(abstract_txt:function in 2554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11009111 = score(doc=2554,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1489009 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.92104 = boost
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.7393583 = fieldWeight in 2554, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2554)
         0.38594437 = weight(abstract_txt:ranking in 2554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38594437 = score(doc=2554,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.30018005 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.865361 = boost
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             1.2857096 = fieldWeight in 2554, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2554)
         0.33283362 = weight(abstract_txt:functions in 2554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.33283362 = score(doc=2554,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.32379097 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4611897 = boost
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             1.0279274 = fieldWeight in 2554, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2554)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Purpura, A.; Silvello, G.; Susto, G.A.: Learning to rank from relevance judgments distributions (2022) 0.21

   0.21312888 = sum of:
     0.21312888 = product of:
       0.76117456 = sum of:
         0.016737428 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016737428 = score(doc=645,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.04411359 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1242427 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.37941656 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.05016128 = weight(abstract_txt:boosting in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05016128 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09169783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1461419 = boost
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.547028 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.752448 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.003981039 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.003981039 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.026882164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2411406 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.016044648 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016044648 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0540352 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2442632 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.29692957 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.020421831 = weight(abstract_txt:propose in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020421831 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.063462876 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3484465 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.32179177 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.15689926 = weight(abstract_txt:functions in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15689926 = score(doc=645,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32379097 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4611897 = boost
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.4845696 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         0.49692905 = weight(abstract_txt:loss in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.49692905 = score(doc=645,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.76858747 = queryWeight, product of:
               11.49466 = boost
               7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.64654845 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Wan, X.; Yang, J.; Xiao, J.: Towards a unified approach to document similarity search using manifold-ranking of blocks (2008) 0.21

   0.20837715 = sum of:
     0.20837715 = product of:
       0.5788254 = sum of:
         0.035027944 = weight(abstract_txt:cosine in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035027944 = score(doc=2081,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07217549 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0168426 = boost
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.48531634 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7650614 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.037064116 = weight(abstract_txt:performances in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037064116 = score(doc=2081,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.074946105 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0361757 = boost
               7.912698 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.4945436 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.912698 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.033474855 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033474855 = score(doc=2081,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.04411359 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1242427 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.7588331 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.020722097 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020722097 = score(doc=2081,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.050863054 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2071885 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.4074096 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.003981039 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.003981039 = score(doc=2081,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.026882164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2411406 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.020421831 = weight(abstract_txt:propose in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020421831 = score(doc=2081,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.063462876 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3484465 = boost
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.32179177 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1486683 = idf(docFreq=697, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.073394075 = weight(abstract_txt:function in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.073394075 = score(doc=2081,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1489009 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.92104 = boost
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.49290553 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.09744322 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09744322 = score(doc=2081,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1893535 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3575716 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.5146101 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
         0.25729623 = weight(abstract_txt:ranking in 2081) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25729623 = score(doc=2081,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.30018005 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.865361 = boost
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.8571397 = fieldWeight in 2081, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2081)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Silva, W.T. d.; Milidiu, R.L.: Belief function model for information retrieval (1993) 0.21

   0.20507495 = sum of:
     0.20507495 = product of:
       0.73241055 = sum of:
         0.02510614 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02510614 = score(doc=3740,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.04411359 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1242427 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.5691248 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
         0.008445058 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008445058 = score(doc=3740,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.026882164 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2411406 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.314151 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
         0.03203548 = weight(abstract_txt:defined in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03203548 = score(doc=3740,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.065385774 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3687228 = boost
               5.2260876 = idf(docFreq=645, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.4899457 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2260876 = idf(docFreq=645, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
         0.17406933 = weight(abstract_txt:function in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17406933 = score(doc=3740,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1489009 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.92104 = boost
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             1.169028 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
         0.16877662 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16877662 = score(doc=3740,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.1893535 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3575716 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.89133084 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
         0.15756114 = weight(abstract_txt:ranking in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15756114 = score(doc=3740,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30018005 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.865361 = boost
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.52488875 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
         0.16641681 = weight(abstract_txt:functions in 3740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16641681 = score(doc=3740,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32379097 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4611897 = boost
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.5139637 = fieldWeight in 3740, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3740)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Urbain, J.; Goharian, N.; Frieder, O.: Probabilistic passage models for semantic search of genomics literature (2008) 0.19

   0.1856953 = sum of:
     0.1856953 = product of:
       0.5802978 = sum of:
         0.026464196 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026464196 = score(doc=2380,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.04411359 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1242427 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.59991026 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.014652735 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014652735 = score(doc=2380,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.050863054 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2071885 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.2880821 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.016044648 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016044648 = score(doc=2380,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0540352 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2442632 = boost
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.29692957 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.073394075 = weight(abstract_txt:function in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.073394075 = score(doc=2380,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1489009 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.92104 = boost
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.49290553 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5765896 = idf(docFreq=454, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.056258872 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056258872 = score(doc=2380,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1893535 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3575716 = boost
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.2971103 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.10504075 = weight(abstract_txt:ranking in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10504075 = score(doc=2380,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30018005 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.865361 = boost
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.34992582 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.598813 = idf(docFreq=444, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.09628097 = weight(abstract_txt:level in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09628097 = score(doc=2380,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.24217553 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.890118 = boost
               4.497956 = idf(docFreq=1337, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.39756688 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.497956 = idf(docFreq=1337, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
         0.19216157 = weight(abstract_txt:functions in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19216157 = score(doc=2380,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.32379097 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.4611897 = boost
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.009140945 = queryNorm
             0.59347415 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.4822793 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)