Document (#34024)

Author

López-Ostenero, F.
Peinado, V.
Gonzalo, J.
Verdejo, F.

Title

Interactive question answering : Is Cross-Language harder than monolingual searching?

Source

Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.66-81

Year

2008

Abstract

Is Cross-Language answer finding harder than Monolingual answer finding for users? In this paper we provide initial quantitative and qualitative evidence to answer this question. In our study, which involves 16 users searching questions under four different system conditions, we find that interactive cross-language answer finding is not substantially harder (in terms of accuracy) than its monolingual counterpart, using general purpose Machine Translation systems and standard Information Retrieval machinery, although it takes more time. We have also seen that users need more context to provide accurate answers (full documents) than what is usually considered by systems (paragraphs or passages). Finally, we also discuss the limitations of standard evaluation methodologies for interactive Information Retrieval experiments in the case of cross-language question answering.

Footnote

Beitrag eines Themenbereichs: Evaluation of Interactive Information Retrieval Systems

Theme

Multilinguale Probleme
Retrievalstudien

Similar documents (author)

1. Lopez-Ostenero, F.; Gonzalo, J.; Verdejo, F.: Noun phrases as building blocks for cross-language search assistance (2005) 1.59

   1.5912889 = sum of:
     1.5912889 = product of:
       3.1825778 = sum of:
         3.1825778 = weight(author_txt:gonzalo in 2021) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.1825778 = score(doc=2021,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.8564202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2879562 = boost
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.067100376 = queryNorm
             3.7161405 = fieldWeight in 2021, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2021)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

2. Gonzalo, J.; Verdejo, F.; Peters, C.; Calzolari, N.: Applying EuroWordNet to cross-language text retrieval (1998) 1.33

   1.326074 = sum of:
     1.326074 = product of:
       2.652148 = sum of:
         2.652148 = weight(author_txt:gonzalo in 445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.652148 = score(doc=445,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.8564202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2879562 = boost
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.067100376 = queryNorm
             3.0967836 = fieldWeight in 445, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=445)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

3. Rodríguez-Vidal, J.; Gonzalo, J.; Plaza, L.; Anaya Sánchez, H.: Automatic detection of influencers in social networks : authority versus domain signals (2019) 1.33

   1.326074 = sum of:
     1.326074 = product of:
       2.652148 = sum of:
         2.652148 = weight(author_txt:gonzalo in 301) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.652148 = score(doc=301,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.8564202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2879562 = boost
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.067100376 = queryNorm
             3.0967836 = fieldWeight in 301, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=301)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

4. Rodríguez-Vidal, J.; Carrillo-de-Albornoz, J.; Gonzalo, J.; Plaza, L.: Authority and priority signals in automatic summary generation for online reputation management (2021) 1.06

   1.0608593 = sum of:
     1.0608593 = product of:
       2.1217186 = sum of:
         2.1217186 = weight(author_txt:gonzalo in 1214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.1217186 = score(doc=1214,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.8564202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2879562 = boost
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.067100376 = queryNorm
             2.477427 = fieldWeight in 1214, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.909708 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44421)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=1214)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

5. Huertas, M.J. López- -> López-Huertas, M.J.: 1.05

   1.0533209 = sum of:
     1.0533209 = product of:
       2.1066418 = sum of:
         2.1066418 = weight(author_txt:lópez in 3749) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.1066418 = score(doc=3749,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5162793 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.694134 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44421)
               0.067100376 = queryNorm
             4.0804305 = fieldWeight in 3749, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.694134 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3749)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Oard, D.W.: Alternative approaches for cross-language text retrieval (1997) 0.33

   0.3327116 = sum of:
     0.3327116 = product of:
       0.75616276 = sum of:
         0.009479014 = weight(abstract_txt:also in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009479014 = score(doc=2164,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.050541595 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0756599 = boost
               3.3949955 = idf(docFreq=4049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.18754877 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3949955 = idf(docFreq=4049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.013419988 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013419988 = score(doc=2164,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.05057838 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0760512 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.26533052 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.013597923 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013597923 = score(doc=2164,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.051024474 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0807861 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.26649806 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.025949499 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025949499 = score(doc=2164,freq=13.0), product of:
             0.052997455 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1014835 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.4896367 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
                 13.0 = termFreq=13.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.05556414 = weight(abstract_txt:counterpart in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05556414 = score(doc=2164,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16431223 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3714199 = boost
               8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.33816192 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.016495038 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016495038 = score(doc=2164,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0837027 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6953753 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.19706698 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.040416267 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040416267 = score(doc=2164,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.13289571 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4667263 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.30412018 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.04211995 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04211995 = score(doc=2164,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19701795 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6010518 = boost
               5.4729567 = idf(docFreq=506, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.21378738 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4729567 = idf(docFreq=506, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.10835628 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10835628 = score(doc=2164,freq=19.0), product of:
             0.15257323 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6430457 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.71019197 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               4.358899 = tf(freq=19.0), with freq of:
                 19.0 = termFreq=19.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.19965868 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19965868 = score(doc=2164,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.27514064 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5493011 = boost
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.72566044 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
         0.23110598 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 2164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23110598 = score(doc=2164,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.42495957 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8200576 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.5438305 = fieldWeight in 2164, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2164)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

2. Grau, B.: Finding answers to questions, in text collections or Web, in open domain or specialty domains (2012) 0.27

   0.2730181 = sum of:
     0.2730181 = product of:
       0.68254524 = sum of:
         0.015166422 = weight(abstract_txt:also in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015166422 = score(doc=1107,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.050541595 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0756599 = boost
               3.3949955 = idf(docFreq=4049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.30007803 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3949955 = idf(docFreq=4049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.0107359905 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0107359905 = score(doc=1107,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05057838 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0760512 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.21226442 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.07743551 = weight(abstract_txt:passages in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07743551 = score(doc=1107,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14986041 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3097215 = boost
               8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.51671755 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.030521855 = weight(abstract_txt:searching in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030521855 = score(doc=1107,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08056272 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3580556 = boost
               4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.3788583 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.11340927 = weight(abstract_txt:answering in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11340927 = score(doc=1107,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19326767 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1034398 = boost
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.58679897 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.045725785 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045725785 = score(doc=1107,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13289571 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4667263 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.3440727 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.12937725 = weight(abstract_txt:question in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12937725 = score(doc=1107,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.17797098 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4721265 = boost
               5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.72695696 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.06739192 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06739192 = score(doc=1107,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19701795 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6010518 = boost
               5.4729567 = idf(docFreq=506, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.3420598 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4729567 = idf(docFreq=506, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.07954763 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07954763 = score(doc=1107,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.15257323 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6430457 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.52137345 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
         0.11323359 = weight(abstract_txt:answer in 1107) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11323359 = score(doc=1107,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30647638 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7459674 = boost
               5.9115076 = idf(docFreq=326, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.36946923 = fieldWeight in 1107, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9115076 = idf(docFreq=326, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1107)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

3. Zhou, D.; Lawless, S.; Wu, X.; Zhao, W.; Liu, J.: ¬A study of user profile representation for personalized cross-language information retrieval (2016) 0.24

   0.24179585 = sum of:
     0.24179585 = product of:
       0.7556121 = sum of:
         0.015166422 = weight(abstract_txt:also in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015166422 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.050541595 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0756599 = boost
               3.3949955 = idf(docFreq=4049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.30007803 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3949955 = idf(docFreq=4049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.015384294 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015384294 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.051024474 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0807861 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.30150813 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.016285168 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016285168 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.052997455 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1014835 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.3072821 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.026392061 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026392061 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0837027 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6953753 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.31530717 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.032333013 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032333013 = score(doc=4167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13289571 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4667263 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.05624867 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05624867 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15257323 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6430457 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.3686667 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.16682936 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16682936 = score(doc=4167,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.27514064 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5493011 = boost
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.60634214 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.4269731 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4269731 = score(doc=4167,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.42495957 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8200576 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             1.0047382 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Baliková, M.: Looking for the best way of subject access (2008) 0.23

   0.23165819 = sum of:
     0.23165819 = product of:
       0.8273507 = sum of:
         0.020356461 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020356461 = score(doc=3187,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.052997455 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1014835 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.3841026 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
         0.14176159 = weight(abstract_txt:answering in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14176159 = score(doc=3187,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19326767 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1034398 = boost
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.7334987 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
         0.10228168 = weight(abstract_txt:question in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10228168 = score(doc=3187,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17797098 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4721265 = boost
               5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.5747099 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
         0.0842399 = weight(abstract_txt:finding in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0842399 = score(doc=3187,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19701795 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6010518 = boost
               5.4729567 = idf(docFreq=506, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.42757475 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4729567 = idf(docFreq=506, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
         0.07031084 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07031084 = score(doc=3187,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15257323 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6430457 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.46083337 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
         0.14154199 = weight(abstract_txt:answer in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14154199 = score(doc=3187,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30647638 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7459674 = boost
               5.9115076 = idf(docFreq=326, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.46183652 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9115076 = idf(docFreq=326, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
         0.26685822 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 3187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26685822 = score(doc=3187,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.42495957 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8200576 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.6279614 = fieldWeight in 3187, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3187)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Lin, J.; Katz, B.: Building a reusable test collection for question answering (2006) 0.22

   0.22288643 = sum of:
     0.22288643 = product of:
       0.6965201 = sum of:
         0.013419988 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013419988 = score(doc=45,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05057838 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0760512 = boost
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.26533052 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.019230368 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019230368 = score(doc=45,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.051024474 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0807861 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.37688518 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.02493147 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02493147 = score(doc=45,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.052997455 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1014835 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.4704277 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.023327507 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023327507 = score(doc=45,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0837027 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6953753 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.2786948 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.20048116 = weight(abstract_txt:answering in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20048116 = score(doc=45,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19326767 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1034398 = boost
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             1.0373238 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.14464815 = weight(abstract_txt:question in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14464815 = score(doc=45,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17797098 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4721265 = boost
               5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.8127626 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.07031084 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07031084 = score(doc=45,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15257323 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6430457 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.46083337 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
         0.2001706 = weight(abstract_txt:answer in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2001706 = score(doc=45,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.30647638 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7459674 = boost
               5.9115076 = idf(docFreq=326, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013839958 = queryNorm
             0.6531355 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9115076 = idf(docFreq=326, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)