Document (#33396)

Author

Boos, M.
Rack, O.
Schauenburg, B.

Title

Wissenskommunikation in computergestützten Gruppen : Theoretischer Hintergrund und empirische Befunde

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 59(2008) H.1, S.41-48

Year

2008

Abstract

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche förderlichen und hinderlichen Bedingungen für die Wissenskommunikation in Gruppen bestehen. Die Leistung einer Arbeits- oder Lerngruppe ist abhängig von verschiedenen Input- und Prozessvariablen. Auf der Inputseite sind vor allem der Aufgabentypus und das Ausmaß der Heterogenität der Gruppe, z.B. bezüglich der Wissensverteilung, zu nennen. Im Verlauf ihrer Arbeit müssen Gruppen verschiedene Schritte der Informationsverarbeitung durchlaufen, bei denen Prozessverluste auftreten können. In der Phase des Informationsaustausches tragen die Gruppenmitglieder ihre Informationen zusammen, um auf der so entstehenden Wissensbasis ein Problem zu lösen oder eine Entscheidung zu fällen. Insbesondere der Austausch ungeteilter Informationen verschafft der Gruppe einen nominellen Vorteil gegenüber dem Individuum. In zahlreichen Studien konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, dass Gruppen überwiegend solche Informationen diskutieren, die allen Mitgliedern bereits vor Beginn des Informationsaustauschs bekannt waren (sog. geteilte Information). Der mangelnde Austausch ungeteilter Information führt häufig zu suboptimalen Gruppenergebnissen. Der Prozess der Wissenskommunikation kann jedoch durch gezielte Interventionen und unterstützende Moderation der Gruppenprozesse verbessert werden.

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