Document (#32811)

Author

King, N.
Kruger, N.
Pretorius, J.

Title

Knowledge management in a multicultural environment : a South African perspective

Source

Aslib proceedings. 59(2007) no.3, S.285-299

Year

2007

Abstract

Purpose - Numerous authors contend that there are dissimilarities in the way people, especially those from different cultural backgrounds, interpret or accept knowledge sharing. Ribiere and Sitar argue that, as a result of their educational systems, western cultures do not encourage a social exemplar of knowledge sharing. Yeh and Ma concur, arguing that western cultures are more likely to embrace values of self-determination, independence and the attainment of personal interest. In contrast, Yang argues that Asian cultures nurture a sharing and teamwork environment or approach to activities. Very little is mentioned in literature about knowledge sharing in African cultures and/or African organisations. Specifically, not much is known regarding knowledge sharing in settings where the roles of dominance of one culture over another are reversed or neutralised, either by force or law, or by natural progression. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach - Being in the fortunate position of working for a culturally diversified multinational organisation based in South Africa, one of the authors was able to determine, on a first-hand basis, how different cultural backgrounds impact upon knowledge sharing. In the organisation under review, research subjects' opinions on knowledge sharing, culture and other knowledge management (KM) issues were surveyed by means of a structured questionnaire consisting of 21 descriptive questions. Phenomenological research was chosen since it is a qualitative research method that attempts to understand participants' perspectives, perceptions and views of a phenomenon. The analysis that follows consists of descriptive statistics used for each question, as well as the testing of hypotheses regarding the relationships between explanatory and response variables. Findings - As in other studies, cultural issues such as language proficiency, education and schooling, gender biases, age and work experience, were all found to influence the knowledge-sharing inclination of individuals either directly or indirectly. However, when individuals have been exposed to past political turmoil leading to present empowerment policies such as affirmative action, knowledge distribution takes on a different dimension - one in which knowledge sharing becomes a power play. African individuals, irrespective of whether they are black or white, display much more of a sense of power in knowledge sharing than do their European counterparts. Originality/value - The paper is of relevance to knowledge management practitioners, scholars and professionals interested in the sharing and management of knowledge in extremely diversified and multidimensional environments.

Location

Südafrika

Similar documents (author)

1. King, J.: ¬A review of bibliometric and other indicators and their role in research evaluation (1987) 5.11

   5.1094418 = sum of:
     5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:king in 1707) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 1707, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1707)
   

2. King, S.V.: ELNET: the electronic library database system (1992) 5.11

   5.1094418 = sum of:
     5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:king in 4262) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 4262, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4262)
   

3. King, N.S.: End-user errors : a content analysis of PaperChase transaction logs (1993) 5.11

   5.1094418 = sum of:
     5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:king in 6736) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 6736, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6736)
   

4. King, C.S.: Cataloguing 19th-century children's books (1992) 5.11

   5.1094418 = sum of:
     5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:king in 57) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 57, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=57)
   

5. King, M.: Evaluation of MT software and methods (1994) 5.11

   5.1094418 = sum of:
     5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:king in 677) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 677, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=677)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Jones, L.M.; Wright, K.D.; Wallace, M.K.; Veinot, T.: "Take an opportunity whenever you get it" : information sharing among African-American women with hypertension (2018) 0.26

   0.26383793 = sum of:
     0.26383793 = product of:
       0.9422783 = sum of:
         0.034795437 = weight(abstract_txt:regarding in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034795437 = score(doc=20,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09959338 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1619174 = boost
               5.59 = idf(docFreq=450, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.349375 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.59 = idf(docFreq=450, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
         0.03911973 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptive in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03911973 = score(doc=20,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10768276 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2081841 = boost
               5.8125896 = idf(docFreq=360, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.36328685 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8125896 = idf(docFreq=360, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
         0.007904344 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.007904344 = score(doc=20,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.053476945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4747009 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.14780845 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
         0.06789633 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06789633 = score(doc=20,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.11458641 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7625506 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.5925339 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
         0.41165987 = weight(abstract_txt:african in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.41165987 = score(doc=20,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.3810026 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2139492 = boost
               7.731176 = idf(docFreq=52, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             1.0804647 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.731176 = idf(docFreq=52, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
         0.06219355 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06219355 = score(doc=20,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.28059408 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.1599836 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.22164954 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
         0.31870902 = weight(abstract_txt:sharing in 20) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31870902 = score(doc=20,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5336121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.3074555 = boost
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.59726727 = fieldWeight in 20, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=20)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. AI-Hawamdeh, S.: Knowledge Management in Asia : introduction to the special topic section (2005) 0.24

   0.24378018 = sum of:
     0.24378018 = product of:
       0.7618131 = sum of:
         0.018307803 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018307803 = score(doc=5231,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.064031966 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1410484 = boost
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.28591663 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.043494295 = weight(abstract_txt:regarding in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043494295 = score(doc=5231,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09959338 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1619174 = boost
               5.59 = idf(docFreq=450, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.43671876 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.59 = idf(docFreq=450, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.05225392 = weight(abstract_txt:culture in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05225392 = score(doc=5231,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11255242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2352005 = boost
               5.942566 = idf(docFreq=316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.46426296 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.942566 = idf(docFreq=316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.01397304 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01397304 = score(doc=5231,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.053476945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4747009 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.08099 = weight(abstract_txt:cultural in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08099 = score(doc=5231,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1369568 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6687738 = boost
               5.352329 = idf(docFreq=571, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.59135437 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.352329 = idf(docFreq=571, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.053676758 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053676758 = score(doc=5231,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11458641 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7625506 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.46843913 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.17383626 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17383626 = score(doc=5231,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.28059408 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.1599836 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.6195293 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
         0.32528102 = weight(abstract_txt:sharing in 5231) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32528102 = score(doc=5231,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5336121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.3074555 = boost
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.6095833 = fieldWeight in 5231, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5231)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Kuo, F.-Y.; Young, M.-L.: ¬A study of the intention-action gap in knowledge sharing practices (2008) 0.24

   0.24070454 = sum of:
     0.24070454 = product of:
       0.8596591 = sum of:
         0.037681438 = weight(abstract_txt:power in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037681438 = score(doc=2875,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10502691 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.193192 = boost
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.3587789 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
         0.020912929 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020912929 = score(doc=2875,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.053476945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4747009 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.39106438 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
         0.045814864 = weight(abstract_txt:cultural in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045814864 = score(doc=2875,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1369568 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6687738 = boost
               5.352329 = idf(docFreq=571, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.33452055 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.352329 = idf(docFreq=571, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
         0.060728323 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060728323 = score(doc=2875,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.11458641 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7625506 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.5299784 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
         0.05721824 = weight(abstract_txt:individuals in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05721824 = score(doc=2875,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15883115 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7971052 = boost
               5.7639313 = idf(docFreq=378, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.3602457 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7639313 = idf(docFreq=378, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
         0.18658066 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18658066 = score(doc=2875,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.28059408 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.1599836 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.66494864 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
         0.45072263 = weight(abstract_txt:sharing in 2875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.45072263 = score(doc=2875,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.5336121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.3074555 = boost
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.8446635 = fieldWeight in 2875, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2875)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Widén-Wulff, G.: ¬The challenges of knowledge sharing in practice : a social approach (2007) 0.23

   0.23135425 = sum of:
     0.23135425 = product of:
       0.82626516 = sum of:
         0.025630925 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025630925 = score(doc=1727,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.064031966 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1410484 = boost
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.40028328 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
         0.03297126 = weight(abstract_txt:power in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03297126 = score(doc=1727,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10502691 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.193192 = boost
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.31393152 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
         0.03540602 = weight(abstract_txt:organisation in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03540602 = score(doc=1727,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11013574 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2218677 = boost
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.3214762 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
         0.009781127 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009781127 = score(doc=1727,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.053476945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4747009 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.18290362 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
         0.059409287 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059409287 = score(doc=1727,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.11458641 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7625506 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.5184671 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
         0.15392117 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15392117 = score(doc=1727,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.28059408 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.1599836 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.5485546 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
         0.5091454 = weight(abstract_txt:sharing in 1727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5091454 = score(doc=1727,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.5336121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.3074555 = boost
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.9541489 = fieldWeight in 1727, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1727)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Kelly, C.: Managing the relationship between knowledge and power in organisations (2007) 0.23

   0.22779769 = sum of:
     0.22779769 = product of:
       0.7118678 = sum of:
         0.08478323 = weight(abstract_txt:power in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08478323 = score(doc=1811,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.10502691 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.193192 = boost
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.80725247 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.042918578 = weight(abstract_txt:organisation in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042918578 = score(doc=1811,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11013574 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2218677 = boost
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.38968801 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.054303866 = weight(abstract_txt:culture in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054303866 = score(doc=1811,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11255242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2352005 = boost
               5.942566 = idf(docFreq=316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.4824762 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.942566 = idf(docFreq=316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.047206677 = weight(abstract_txt:western in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047206677 = score(doc=1811,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14785762 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4157348 = boost
               6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.31927118 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.011856517 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011856517 = score(doc=1811,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.053476945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4747009 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.22171268 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.039444204 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039444204 = score(doc=1811,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11458641 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7625506 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.34423107 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.19232292 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19232292 = score(doc=1811,freq=17.0), product of:
             0.28059408 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.1599836 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.68541336 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               4.1231055 = tf(freq=17.0), with freq of:
                 17.0 = termFreq=17.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
         0.23903178 = weight(abstract_txt:sharing in 1811) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23903178 = score(doc=1811,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5336121 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.3074555 = boost
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015333573 = queryNorm
             0.44795045 = fieldWeight in 1811, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5173187 = idf(docFreq=484, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1811)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)