Document (#32548)

Author

Lee, M.H.
Garrett, S.M.

Title

Qualitative modelling of unknown interface behaviour

Source

International journal of human-computer studies. 53(2000) no.4, S.493-515

Year

2000

Abstract

When faced with an interface to an unknown system or device humans adopt exploratory interactive behaviour in order to gain information and insight. This paper describes a computer program which probes, observes and models the input-output space of unknown systems. We use a schema concept as the memory structure for recording events and adopt a constructive approach that avoids preprocessing the raw data. We believe qualitative assessments are important in early analysis and employ techniques from qualitative reasoning research in order to capture correlation behaviour. The aim is to gain insight into the nature of an unknown system for guidance in future model selection. A series of experiments and their results are discussed, together with the assumptions and limitations of the method. We suggest further developments for future experiments that appear promising.

Theme

Suchoberflächen

Similar documents (content)

1. MacFarlane, A.; Al-Wabil, A.; Marshall, C.R.; Albrair, A.; Jones, S.A.; Zaphiris, P.: ¬The effect of dyslexia on information retrieval : a pilot study (2010) 0.10

   0.10097476 = sum of:
     0.10097476 = product of:
       0.42072818 = sum of:
         0.012847042 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 611) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012847042 = score(doc=611,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06094467 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.022747 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 611, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=611)
         0.06599057 = weight(abstract_txt:recording in 611) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06599057 = score(doc=611,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14400521 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1116663 = boost
               7.33202 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.45825124 = fieldWeight in 611, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.33202 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=611)
         0.029480973 = weight(abstract_txt:order in 611) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029480973 = score(doc=611,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10602985 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3490077 = boost
               4.448705 = idf(docFreq=1411, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.27804407 = fieldWeight in 611, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.448705 = idf(docFreq=1411, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=611)
         0.038408183 = weight(abstract_txt:interface in 611) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038408183 = score(doc=611,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12647833 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4733585 = boost
               4.858784 = idf(docFreq=936, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.303674 = fieldWeight in 611, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.858784 = idf(docFreq=936, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=611)
         0.083979905 = weight(abstract_txt:qualitative in 611) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.083979905 = score(doc=611,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2439014 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5058389 = boost
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.34431908 = fieldWeight in 611, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=611)
         0.19002151 = weight(abstract_txt:behaviour in 611) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19002151 = score(doc=611,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.26481703 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6110725 = boost
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.7175578 = fieldWeight in 611, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=611)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Slone, D.J.: Encounters with the OPAC : On-line searching in public libraries (2000) 0.08

   0.08334427 = sum of:
     0.08334427 = product of:
       0.6945356 = sum of:
         0.048010226 = weight(abstract_txt:interface in 5810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048010226 = score(doc=5810,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12647833 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4733585 = boost
               4.858784 = idf(docFreq=936, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.3795925 = fieldWeight in 5810, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.858784 = idf(docFreq=936, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5810)
         0.10497488 = weight(abstract_txt:qualitative in 5810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10497488 = score(doc=5810,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2439014 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5058389 = boost
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.43039885 = fieldWeight in 5810, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5810)
         0.5415505 = weight(abstract_txt:unknown in 5810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5415505 = score(doc=5810,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.5557198 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3676043 = boost
               7.201658 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.97450286 = fieldWeight in 5810, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.201658 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5810)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

3. Kiestra, M.D.; Stokmans, M.J.M.; Kamphuis, J.: End-user searching the online catalogue : the influence of domain and system knowledge on search patterns (1994) 0.08

   0.0751792 = sum of:
     0.0751792 = product of:
       0.46987 = sum of:
         0.025694083 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025694083 = score(doc=386,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.06094467 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.022747 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.42159688 = fieldWeight in 386, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=386)
         0.029480973 = weight(abstract_txt:order in 386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029480973 = score(doc=386,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10602985 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3490077 = boost
               4.448705 = idf(docFreq=1411, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.27804407 = fieldWeight in 386, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.448705 = idf(docFreq=1411, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=386)
         0.16456346 = weight(abstract_txt:behaviour in 386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16456346 = score(doc=386,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.26481703 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6110725 = boost
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.62142324 = fieldWeight in 386, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.7404623 = idf(docFreq=387, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=386)
         0.2501315 = weight(abstract_txt:unknown in 386) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2501315 = score(doc=386,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5557198 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3676043 = boost
               7.201658 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.4501036 = fieldWeight in 386, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.201658 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=386)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

4. Komlodi, A.; Marchionini, G.; Soergel, D.: Search history support for finding and using information : user interface design recommendations from a user study (2007) 0.06

   0.06456661 = sum of:
     0.06456661 = product of:
       0.32283306 = sum of:
         0.08319918 = weight(abstract_txt:memory in 1892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08319918 = score(doc=1892,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11652772 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.595522 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.71398616 = fieldWeight in 1892, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.595522 = idf(docFreq=164, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1892)
         0.012847042 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012847042 = score(doc=1892,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06094467 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.022747 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 1892, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1892)
         0.06599057 = weight(abstract_txt:recording in 1892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06599057 = score(doc=1892,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14400521 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1116663 = boost
               7.33202 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.45825124 = fieldWeight in 1892, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.33202 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1892)
         0.076816365 = weight(abstract_txt:interface in 1892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.076816365 = score(doc=1892,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.12647833 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4733585 = boost
               4.858784 = idf(docFreq=936, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.607348 = fieldWeight in 1892, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.858784 = idf(docFreq=936, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1892)
         0.083979905 = weight(abstract_txt:qualitative in 1892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.083979905 = score(doc=1892,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2439014 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5058389 = boost
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.34431908 = fieldWeight in 1892, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1892)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Lykke, M.; Lund, H.; Skov, M.: User-driven CHAOS : tags and annotations in radio broadcast research (2016) 0.06

   0.061122604 = sum of:
     0.061122604 = product of:
       0.305613 = sum of:
         0.012847042 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 3830) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012847042 = score(doc=3830,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06094467 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.022747 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.21079844 = fieldWeight in 3830, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3830)
         0.025437536 = weight(abstract_txt:future in 3830) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025437536 = score(doc=3830,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09609859 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2842774 = boost
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.2647025 = fieldWeight in 3830, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3830)
         0.08832128 = weight(abstract_txt:insight in 3830) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08832128 = score(doc=3830,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22034873 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9447136 = boost
               6.4132004 = idf(docFreq=197, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.40082502 = fieldWeight in 3830, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4132004 = idf(docFreq=197, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3830)
         0.095027246 = weight(abstract_txt:gain in 3830) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.095027246 = score(doc=3830,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23136574 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9927366 = boost
               6.571569 = idf(docFreq=168, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.41072306 = fieldWeight in 3830, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.571569 = idf(docFreq=168, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3830)
         0.083979905 = weight(abstract_txt:qualitative in 3830) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.083979905 = score(doc=3830,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2439014 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5058389 = boost
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017667703 = queryNorm
             0.34431908 = fieldWeight in 3830, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.509105 = idf(docFreq=488, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3830)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)