Document (#30525)

Author
Mustafa el Hadi, W.
Title
Human language technology and its role in information access and management
Source
Cataloging and classification quarterly. 37(2003) nos.1/2, S.131-151
Year
2003
Abstract
The role of linguistics in information access, extraction and dissemination is essential. Radical changes in the techniques of information and communication at the end of the twentieth century have had a significant effect on the function of the linguistic paradigm and its applications in all forms of communication. The introduction of new technical means have deeply changed the possibilities for the distribution of information. In this situation, what is the role of the linguistic paradigm and its practical applications, i.e., natural language processing (NLP) techniques when applied to information access? What solutions can linguistics offer in human computer interaction, extraction and management? Many fields show the relevance of the linguistic paradigm through the various technologies that require NLP, such as document and message understanding, information detection, extraction, and retrieval, question and answer, cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), text summarization, filtering, and spoken document retrieval. This paper focuses on the central role of human language technologies in the information society, surveys the current situation, describes the benefits of the above mentioned applications, outlines successes and challenges, and discusses solutions. It reviews the resources and means needed to advance information access and dissemination across language boundaries in the twenty-first century. Multilingualism, which is a natural result of globalization, requires more effort in the direction of language technology. The scope of human language technology (HLT) is large, so we limit our review to applications that involve multilinguality.
Content
Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Knowledge organization and classification in international information retrieval"
Theme
Computerlinguistik
Multilinguale Probleme

Similar documents (author)

  1. Mustafa el Hadi, W.: ¬The French ISKO Chapter, origins and activities : Guest editorial (2001) 6.10
    6.1032324 = sum of:
      6.1032324 = sum of:
        2.9775093 = weight(author_txt:mustafa in 177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          2.9775093 = score(doc=177,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.69556653 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.2806964 = fieldWeight in 177, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=177)
        3.125723 = weight(author_txt:hadi in 177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          3.125723 = score(doc=177,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.71846163 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0163246 = boost
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.3505774 = fieldWeight in 177, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=177)
    
  2. Mustafa el Hadi, W.: ¬The contribution of terminology to the theoretical conception of classificatory languages and document indexing (1990) 6.10
    6.1032324 = sum of:
      6.1032324 = sum of:
        2.9775093 = weight(author_txt:mustafa in 5273) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          2.9775093 = score(doc=5273,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.69556653 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.2806964 = fieldWeight in 5273, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5273)
        3.125723 = weight(author_txt:hadi in 5273) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          3.125723 = score(doc=5273,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.71846163 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0163246 = boost
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.3505774 = fieldWeight in 5273, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5273)
    
  3. Mustafa el Hadi, W.: Automatic term recognition & extraction tools : examining the new interfaces and their effective communication role in LSP discourse (1998) 6.10
    6.1032324 = sum of:
      6.1032324 = sum of:
        2.9775093 = weight(author_txt:mustafa in 67) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          2.9775093 = score(doc=67,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.69556653 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.2806964 = fieldWeight in 67, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=67)
        3.125723 = weight(author_txt:hadi in 67) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          3.125723 = score(doc=67,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.71846163 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0163246 = boost
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.3505774 = fieldWeight in 67, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=67)
    
  4. Mustafa el Hadi, W.: Dynamics of the linguistic paradigm in information retrieval (2000) 6.10
    6.1032324 = sum of:
      6.1032324 = sum of:
        2.9775093 = weight(author_txt:mustafa in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          2.9775093 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.69556653 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.2806964 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
        3.125723 = weight(author_txt:hadi in 151) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          3.125723 = score(doc=151,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.71846163 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0163246 = boost
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.3505774 = fieldWeight in 151, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=151)
    
  5. Mustafa El Hadi, W.: Evaluating human language technology : general applications to information access and management (2002) 6.10
    6.1032324 = sum of:
      6.1032324 = sum of:
        2.9775093 = weight(author_txt:mustafa in 1840) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          2.9775093 = score(doc=1840,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.69556653 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.2806964 = fieldWeight in 1840, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1840)
        3.125723 = weight(author_txt:hadi in 1840) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          3.125723 = score(doc=1840,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.71846163 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.0163246 = boost
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.08124455 = queryNorm
            4.3505774 = fieldWeight in 1840, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
              0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1840)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Mustafa el Hadi, W.: Terminology & information retrieval : new tools for new needs. Integration of knowledge across boundaries (2003) 0.42
    0.42454204 = sum of:
      0.42454204 = product of:
        0.96486825 = sum of:
          0.039185777 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039185777 = score(doc=2688,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09855708 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.2410107 = idf(docFreq=1729, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.39759475 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.2410107 = idf(docFreq=1729, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.07147461 = weight(abstract_txt:what in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07147461 = score(doc=2688,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.10201474 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0173903 = boost
                4.314763 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.7006302 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.314763 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.08270511 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08270511 = score(doc=2688,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.11243892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0681062 = boost
                4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.7355559 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.09541162 = weight(abstract_txt:communication in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09541162 = score(doc=2688,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.123679 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.120222 = boost
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.77144563 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.06732544 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06732544 = score(doc=2688,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14138012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1977061 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.47620165 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.09298101 = weight(abstract_txt:century in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09298101 = score(doc=2688,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17533354 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3337935 = boost
                5.6566324 = idf(docFreq=419, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.5303093 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6566324 = idf(docFreq=419, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.093216576 = weight(abstract_txt:situation in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.093216576 = score(doc=2688,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17562956 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.334919 = boost
                5.6614056 = idf(docFreq=417, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.5307568 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6614056 = idf(docFreq=417, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.08970817 = weight(abstract_txt:role in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08970817 = score(doc=2688,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21569175 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0921261 = boost
                4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.41590917 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.15495951 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15495951 = score(doc=2688,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.2464607 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2363765 = boost
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.62873924 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.046387758 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.046387758 = score(doc=2688,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.14452133 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5687883 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.32097518 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
          0.13151272 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13151272 = score(doc=2688,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3354311 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.4513721 = boost
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.3920707 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
        0.44 = coord(11/25)
    
  2. Multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities. A report Commissioned by the US National Science Foundation and also delivered to the European Commission's Language Engineering Office and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 1999 (1999) 0.30
    0.29962882 = sum of:
      0.29962882 = product of:
        0.7490721 = sum of:
          0.03404262 = weight(abstract_txt:what in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03404262 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.10201474 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0173903 = boost
                4.314763 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.33370292 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.314763 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.06822824 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06822824 = score(doc=6068,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.11243892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0681062 = boost
                4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.6068027 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                4.5298495 = idf(docFreq=1295, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.05238821 = weight(abstract_txt:technologies in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05238821 = score(doc=6068,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13597843 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.174603 = boost
                4.981504 = idf(docFreq=824, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.38526854 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.981504 = idf(docFreq=824, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.03927318 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03927318 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14138012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1977061 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.27778432 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.042182285 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.042182285 = score(doc=6068,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.09926241 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2291195 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.4249573 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.08800763 = weight(abstract_txt:linguistics in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08800763 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24210542 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5673225 = boost
                6.6470313 = idf(docFreq=155, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.36350954 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.6470313 = idf(docFreq=155, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.10669099 = weight(abstract_txt:extraction in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10669099 = score(doc=6068,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.31509382 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1898868 = boost
                6.1915555 = idf(docFreq=245, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.3386007 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.1915555 = idf(docFreq=245, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.11070844 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11070844 = score(doc=6068,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.2464607 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2363765 = boost
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.44919306 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.05411905 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05411905 = score(doc=6068,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.14452133 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5687883 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.37447104 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
          0.15343149 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 6068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15343149 = score(doc=6068,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.3354311 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.4513721 = boost
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.45741582 = fieldWeight in 6068, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6068)
        0.4 = coord(10/25)
    
  3. Cochrane, P.A.: 34th UIUC clinic highlights visualizing subject access (1997) 0.29
    0.28739354 = sum of:
      0.28739354 = product of:
        0.7184838 = sum of:
          0.033861242 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.033861242 = score(doc=377,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10096983 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0121664 = boost
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.33536002 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.034388237 = weight(abstract_txt:what in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.034388237 = score(doc=377,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10201474 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0173903 = boost
                4.314763 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.33709085 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.314763 = idf(docFreq=1606, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.05610454 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05610454 = score(doc=377,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14138012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1977061 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.39683473 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.04667751 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04667751 = score(doc=377,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.09926241 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2291195 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.47024357 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.10957917 = weight(abstract_txt:century in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10957917 = score(doc=377,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.17533354 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3337935 = boost
                5.6566324 = idf(docFreq=419, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.6249755 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.6566324 = idf(docFreq=419, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.058926675 = weight(abstract_txt:access in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.058926675 = score(doc=377,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.14608231 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7217493 = boost
                3.6509786 = idf(docFreq=3120, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.40337995 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6509786 = idf(docFreq=3120, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.1057221 = weight(abstract_txt:role in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1057221 = score(doc=377,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.21569175 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0921261 = boost
                4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.49015367 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.4363647 = idf(docFreq=1422, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.09131078 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09131078 = score(doc=377,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2464607 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2363765 = boost
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.37048817 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.07231962 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07231962 = score(doc=377,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.14452133 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5687883 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.50040793 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
          0.10959392 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 377) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10959392 = score(doc=377,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3354311 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.4513721 = boost
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.32672557 = fieldWeight in 377, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=377)
        0.4 = coord(10/25)
    
  4. Rindflesch, T.C.; Fizsman, M.: The interaction of domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing : interpreting hypernymic propositions in biomedical text (2003) 0.28
    0.28072983 = sum of:
      0.28072983 = product of:
        0.77980506 = sum of:
          0.04488363 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04488363 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14138012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1977061 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.31746778 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.02155942 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02155942 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09926241 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2291195 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.06099061 = weight(abstract_txt:solutions in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06099061 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17344895 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3266059 = boost
                5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.35163435 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6261497 = idf(docFreq=432, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.1435726 = weight(abstract_txt:linguistic in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1435726 = score(doc=2097,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.27886745 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0601585 = boost
                5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.51484174 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.121693045 = weight(abstract_txt:paradigm in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.121693045 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.31468105 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.188452 = boost
                6.187499 = idf(docFreq=246, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.3867187 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.187499 = idf(docFreq=246, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.12193255 = weight(abstract_txt:extraction in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12193255 = score(doc=2097,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.31509382 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1898868 = boost
                6.1915555 = idf(docFreq=245, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.38697222 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.1915555 = idf(docFreq=245, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.103306346 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.103306346 = score(doc=2097,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.2464607 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2363765 = boost
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.4191595 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.7422485 = idf(docFreq=1047, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.037875444 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.037875444 = score(doc=2097,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.14452133 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5687883 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.26207513 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
          0.12399137 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12399137 = score(doc=2097,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3354311 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.4513721 = boost
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.3696478 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  5. Helbig, H.: Knowledge representation and the semantics of natural language (2014) 0.27
    0.27416855 = sum of:
      0.27416855 = product of:
        0.8567768 = sum of:
          0.05193551 = weight(abstract_txt:communication in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05193551 = score(doc=2396,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.123679 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.120222 = boost
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.41992182 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.750873 = idf(docFreq=1038, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.043190118 = weight(abstract_txt:means in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.043190118 = score(doc=2396,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13780108 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.182449 = boost
                5.0147786 = idf(docFreq=797, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.31342366 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0147786 = idf(docFreq=797, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.11875092 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11875092 = score(doc=2396,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.14138012 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1977061 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.8399408 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.1422418 = weight(abstract_txt:linguistics in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1422418 = score(doc=2396,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.24210542 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5673225 = boost
                6.6470313 = idf(docFreq=155, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.5875201 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.6470313 = idf(docFreq=155, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.121693045 = weight(abstract_txt:paradigm in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.121693045 = score(doc=2396,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.31468105 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.188452 = boost
                6.187499 = idf(docFreq=246, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.3867187 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.187499 = idf(docFreq=246, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.10005747 = weight(abstract_txt:human in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10005747 = score(doc=2396,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.24126595 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2126825 = boost
                4.692005 = idf(docFreq=1101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.41471857 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.692005 = idf(docFreq=1101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.030925171 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.030925171 = score(doc=2396,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.14452133 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5687883 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.21398345 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
          0.24798274 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24798274 = score(doc=2396,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.3354311 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.4513721 = boost
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.023239054 = queryNorm
              0.7392956 = fieldWeight in 2396, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                4.1820874 = idf(docFreq=1834, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2396)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)