Document (#28373)

Author

Schmidt, M.

Title

WWW - eine Erfindung des "alten Europa" : Vom Elektronengehirn zum world Wide Web - Inzwichen 620 Millionen Internetnutzer weltweit

Source

Bergische Landeszeitung. Nr.93 vom 22.4.2003, S.rth01a/1

Year

2003

Content

"Das World Wide, Web hat, wen wundert es, eine Vorgeschichte. Und zwar, und da staunt der Laie denn doch, im Internet. World Wide Web, Internet - ist denn das nicht dasselbe? Nein. Ist es nicht. Das WWW ist eine Funktion des Internet. Eine von vielen. So wie Email und Chat. Die Geschichte ist die. In den 40er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts wurden die ersten EDV-Anlagen gebaut. In den 60er und 70er Jahren gehörten riesige Computer mit Lochkarten, Magnetbändern und Endlos-Ausdrucken zu den Prestige-Objekten von Unis, , Banken und Firmen, ehrfürchtig "Elektronengehir ne" oder ironisch "Blechtrottel" genannt. 1957 hatte das US-Verteidigungsministerium unter dem Eindruck des Sputnik-Schocks die Forschungsinstitution ARPA gegründet. Zwölf jahre später entstand das ARPAnet - ein Projekt zur Entwicklung eines Forschungsnetzes, das Universitäten und zivile wie militärische US-Einrichtungen verband. Dass die treibende Kraft das Bedürfnis gewesen sein soll, das Netz vor Bomben zu schützen, ist wohl ein Gerücht. Nach Larry Roberts, einem der "Väter" des Internet, kam dieses Argument erst später auf. Es erwies sich als nützlich für das Aquirieren von Forschungsgeldern... Die globale elektronische Kommunikation blieb nicht auf die Welt der Akademiker beschränkt. Das Big Business begann die Lunte zu riechen. Fast überall, wanderten die Handelsmärkte vom Parkett und den Wandtafeln auf die Computerbildschirme: Das Internet war mittlerweile zu einem brauchbaren Datenübermittlungsmedium geworden, hatte aber noch einen Nachteil: Man konnte Informationen nur finden, wenn man wusste, wo man suchen muss. In den Folgejahren kam es zu einer Explosion in der Entwicklung neuer Navigationsprotokolle, es entstand als bedeutendste Entwicklung das WWW -übrigens im "alten Europa", am europäischen Forschungszentrum für Teilchenphysik (CERN) in Genf. Erfunden hat es Tim Berners-Lee. Seine Erfindung war eine doppelte. Zunächst die Anwendung des schon lange bekannten Hypertextprinzipes (Ted Nelson, 1972) auf elektronische Dokumente - in der Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Und dann eine einfache von Herrn und Frau Jedermann bedienbare grafische Oberfläche, die diese Dokumente, austauscht und zur Anzeige bringt (über das Hypertext Transport Protokoll - HTTP). Die allererste Software hieß "Mosaic" und wird heute Browser genannt. Im April 1993 gab das CERN die World-Wide-Web-Software für. die Öffentlichkeit frei, zur unbeschränkten und kostenlosen Nutzung. Heute umfasst das WWW über 32 Millionen registrierte Domain-Namen, davon 5 Millionen .deDomains, und der weltweite Zugang zum Internet erreichte Ende 2002 über 620 Millionen Nutzer."

Theme

Internet

Object

WWW

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