Document (#28268)

Author

Kurtz, M.J.
Eichhorn, G.
Accomazzi, A.
Grant, C.
Demleitner, M.
Murray, S.S.

Title

Worldwide use and impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.1, S.36-45

Year

2005

Abstract

The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), along with astronomy's journals and data centers (a collaboration dubbed URANIA), has developed a distributed online digital library which has become the dominant means by which astronomers search, access, and read their technical literature. Digital libraries permit the easy accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure: the number of electronic accesses ("reads") of individual articles. By combining data from the text, citation, and reference databases with data from the ADS readership logs we have been able to create second-order bibliometric operators, a customizable class of collaborative filters that permits substantially improved accuracy in literature queries. Using the ADS usage logs along with membership statistics from the International Astronomical Union and data an the population and gross domestic product (GDP), we have developed an accurate model for worldwide basic research where the number of scientists in a country is proportional to the GDP of that country, and the amount of basic research done by a country is proportional to the number of scientists in that country times that country's per capita GDP. We introduce the concept of utility time to measure the impact of the ADS/ URANIA and the electronic astronomical library an astronomical research. We find that in 2002 it amounted to the equivalent of 736 full-time researchers, or $250 million, or the astronomical research done in France.

Theme

Informationsdienstleistungen

Field

Astronomie

Similar documents (author)

1. Kurtz, M.J.; Eichhorn, G.; Accomazzi, A.; Grant, C.; Demleitner, D.; Murray, S.S.; Martimbeau, N.; Elwell, B.: ¬The bibliometric properties of article readership information (2005) 4.73

   4.7299147 = sum of:
     4.7299147 = sum of:
       1.037272 = weight(author_txt:murray in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.037272 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.45783493 = queryWeight, product of:
             9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.2656026 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
       1.1571513 = weight(author_txt:grant in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.1571513 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.49246335 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0371283 = boost
             9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.3497207 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
       1.2415411 = weight(author_txt:kurtz in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.2415411 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.5161246 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0617514 = boost
             9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.4055066 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
       1.2939506 = weight(author_txt:eichhorn in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.2939506 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.5305491 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0764859 = boost
             9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.4388893 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
   

2. Kurtz, M.J.; Eichhorn, G.; Accomazzi, A.; Grant, C.; Demleitner, M.; Henneken, E.; Murray, S.S.: ¬The effect of use and access on citations (2005) 4.73

   4.7299147 = sum of:
     4.7299147 = sum of:
       1.037272 = weight(author_txt:murray in 2064) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.037272 = score(doc=2064,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.45783493 = queryWeight, product of:
             9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.2656026 = fieldWeight in 2064, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=2064)
       1.1571513 = weight(author_txt:grant in 2064) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.1571513 = score(doc=2064,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.49246335 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0371283 = boost
             9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.3497207 = fieldWeight in 2064, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=2064)
       1.2415411 = weight(author_txt:kurtz in 2064) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.2415411 = score(doc=2064,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.5161246 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0617514 = boost
             9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.4055066 = fieldWeight in 2064, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=2064)
       1.2939506 = weight(author_txt:eichhorn in 2064) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.2939506 = score(doc=2064,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.5305491 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0764859 = boost
             9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
             0.050520215 = queryNorm
           2.4388893 = fieldWeight in 2064, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
             0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=2064)
   

3. Eichhorn, S.: Auskunftsdienst auf neuen Wegen : CD-ROM in Öffentlichen Bibliothek (1996) 0.81

   0.8087191 = sum of:
     0.8087191 = product of:
       3.2348764 = sum of:
         3.2348764 = weight(author_txt:eichhorn in 4415) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.2348764 = score(doc=4415,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5305491 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0764859 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.050520215 = queryNorm
             6.0972233 = fieldWeight in 4415, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4415)
       0.25 = coord(1/4)
   

4. Eichhorn, M.: "Erleuchtet, einsam, unendlich, vollkommen ..." : Die Bibliothek und ihre Rolle im kulturellen Gedächtnis: Trouvaillen und Tendenzen (2001) 0.81

   0.8087191 = sum of:
     0.8087191 = product of:
       3.2348764 = sum of:
         3.2348764 = weight(author_txt:eichhorn in 602) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.2348764 = score(doc=602,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5305491 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0764859 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.050520215 = queryNorm
             6.0972233 = fieldWeight in 602, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=602)
       0.25 = coord(1/4)
   

5. Kurtz, J.: Multicultural children's books : the subtle tug of war (1996) 0.78

   0.7759632 = sum of:
     0.7759632 = product of:
       3.1038527 = sum of:
         3.1038527 = weight(author_txt:kurtz in 4841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.1038527 = score(doc=4841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5161246 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0617514 = boost
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.050520215 = queryNorm
             6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 4841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4841)
       0.25 = coord(1/4)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Kurtz, M.J.; Eichhorn, G.; Accomazzi, A.; Grant, C.; Demleitner, D.; Murray, S.S.; Martimbeau, N.; Elwell, B.: ¬The bibliometric properties of article readership information (2005) 0.63

   0.62826496 = sum of:
     0.62826496 = product of:
       1.2082019 = sum of:
         0.07437702 = weight(abstract_txt:accesses in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07437702 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14756447 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0077212 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.5040307 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.17106701 = weight(abstract_txt:reads in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17106701 = score(doc=4307,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.15036385 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0172348 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             1.1376871 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.05286897 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05286897 = score(doc=4307,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.102673754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.18876 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.51492196 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.012565789 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012565789 = score(doc=4307,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.048579432 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2928874 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.2586648 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.07722754 = weight(abstract_txt:bibliometric in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07722754 = score(doc=4307,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13218242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3488117 = boost
               6.168078 = idf(docFreq=252, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.58424973 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.168078 = idf(docFreq=252, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.03491829 = weight(abstract_txt:number in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03491829 = score(doc=4307,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08913698 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3565602 = boost
               4.1356745 = idf(docFreq=1930, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.3917374 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.1356745 = idf(docFreq=1930, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.011986183 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011986183 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.069368646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3818506 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.17278963 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.023096923 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023096923 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.097596094 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4194704 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.23665828 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.1253656 = weight(abstract_txt:nasa in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1253656 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26332062 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.903737 = boost
               8.705735 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.4760949 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.705735 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.13251849 = weight(abstract_txt:proportional in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13251849 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27324376 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.939276 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.48498267 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.14491196 = weight(abstract_txt:astrophysics in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14491196 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.290025 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.997939 = boost
               9.1365185 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.49965334 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.1365185 = idf(docFreq=12, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.021052526 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021052526 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11559592 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1847231 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.18212171 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
         0.32624555 = weight(abstract_txt:astronomical in 4307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32624555 = score(doc=4307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.627681 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.156703 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.5197633 = fieldWeight in 4307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4307)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

2. Meadows, A.J.: ¬The citation characteristics of astronomical research literature (2004) 0.16

   0.1569818 = sum of:
     0.1569818 = product of:
       0.9811362 = sum of:
         0.008975563 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008975563 = score(doc=5416,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.048579432 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2928874 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.18476056 = fieldWeight in 5416, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5416)
         0.017123118 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 5416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017123118 = score(doc=5416,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.069368646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3818506 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.24684234 = fieldWeight in 5416, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5416)
         0.14778917 = weight(abstract_txt:country in 5416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14778917 = score(doc=5416,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.29187912 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8345296 = boost
               6.481112 = idf(docFreq=184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.50633687 = fieldWeight in 5416, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.481112 = idf(docFreq=184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5416)
         0.80724835 = weight(abstract_txt:astronomical in 5416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.80724835 = score(doc=5416,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.627681 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.156703 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             1.2860806 = fieldWeight in 5416, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5416)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Raan, A.F.J. van: ¬The influence of international collaboration on the impact of research results (1998) 0.16

   0.15670867 = sum of:
     0.15670867 = product of:
       0.6529528 = sum of:
         0.0580423 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 6120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0580423 = score(doc=6120,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.07265592 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.7988653 = fieldWeight in 6120, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6120)
         0.017951125 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 6120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017951125 = score(doc=6120,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.048579432 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2928874 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.3695211 = fieldWeight in 6120, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6120)
         0.063696206 = weight(abstract_txt:bibliometric in 6120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.063696206 = score(doc=6120,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13218242 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3488117 = boost
               6.168078 = idf(docFreq=252, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.48188108 = fieldWeight in 6120, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.168078 = idf(docFreq=252, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6120)
         0.017123118 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 6120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017123118 = score(doc=6120,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.069368646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3818506 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.24684234 = fieldWeight in 6120, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6120)
         0.030075036 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 6120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030075036 = score(doc=6120,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11559592 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1847231 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.26017386 = fieldWeight in 6120, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6120)
         0.46606505 = weight(abstract_txt:astronomical in 6120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.46606505 = score(doc=6120,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.627681 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.156703 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.74251896 = fieldWeight in 6120, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6120)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Tenopir, C.; King, D.W.; Boyce, P.; Grayson, M.; Paulson, K.-L.: Relying an electronic journals : reading patterns of astronomers (2005) 0.16

   0.15622197 = sum of:
     0.15622197 = product of:
       0.78110987 = sum of:
         0.20940846 = weight(abstract_txt:astronomers in 4558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20940846 = score(doc=4558,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.16083369 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0520539 = boost
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             1.3020186 = fieldWeight in 4558, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4558)
         0.07581987 = weight(abstract_txt:scientists in 4558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07581987 = score(doc=4558,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11783565 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2735114 = boost
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.6434375 = fieldWeight in 4558, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.823732 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4558)
         0.012693364 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012693364 = score(doc=4558,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.048579432 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2928874 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 4558, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4558)
         0.017123118 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 4558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017123118 = score(doc=4558,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.069368646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3818506 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.24684234 = fieldWeight in 4558, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4558)
         0.46606505 = weight(abstract_txt:astronomical in 4558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.46606505 = score(doc=4558,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.627681 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.156703 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.74251896 = fieldWeight in 4558, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4558)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Chang, H.-W.; Huang, M.-H.: ¬The effects of research resources on international collaboration in the astronomy community (2016) 0.12

   0.12104597 = sum of:
     0.12104597 = product of:
       0.7565373 = sum of:
         0.014360901 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014360901 = score(doc=4126,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.048579432 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2928874 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 4126, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4126)
         0.033554323 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 4126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033554323 = score(doc=4126,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.069368646 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3818506 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.48371023 = fieldWeight in 4126, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4126)
         0.06282336 = weight(abstract_txt:worldwide in 4126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06282336 = score(doc=4126,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15197964 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4462961 = boost
               6.613871 = idf(docFreq=161, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             0.41336694 = fieldWeight in 4126, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.613871 = idf(docFreq=161, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4126)
         0.64579874 = weight(abstract_txt:astronomical in 4126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.64579874 = score(doc=4126,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.627681 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.156703 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01588812 = queryNorm
             1.0288645 = fieldWeight in 4126, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4126)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)