Document (#28243)

Title

Computer der Zukunft

Source

Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2005, H.3, S.84-101

Year

2005

Series

Schwerpunkt Supercomputer

Abstract

Alle anderthalb Jahre verdoppelt sich die Leistung bei gleich bleibendem Preis. Dieses Regel, die als Moore'sches Gesetz bekannt geworden ist, regiert die Entwicklung der Computer seit mehr als vierzig Jahren. Nach physikalisch wohlbegründeten Prognosen nähert sich das Gesetz den Grenzen seiner Gültigkeit; aber nichtsdestotrotz geht es in der Computertechnik immer noch äußerst lebhaft zu. Wo die Elektronen mit der anwachsenden Schaltgeschwindigkeit der Mikrochips nicht mehr Schritt halten können, übernimmt Licht ihre Aufgabe (S. 94). Wo sie auf langen Datenrennbahnen innerhalb des Mikroprozessors derart heiß laufen, dass der Chip zu schmelzen droht, führen die Designer das Prinzip der kurzen Wege ein: Statt eines »Zentralbüros« sitzen deren zwei oder mehr auf demselben Siliziumplättchen und arbeiten einander möglichst reibungslos in die Hände (S 90). Und am oberen Ende der Leistungsskala lebt man von den Errungenschaften von gestern - große technische Durchbrüche sind nicht zu vermeIden -, aber auf großen Fuß: Moores Gesetz gilt für die Supercomputer derWelt in verschärfter Form, denn schon nach einem statt nach anderthalb Jahren pflegt der dann schnellste Computer der WeIt die doppelte Leistung des Vorjahressiegers zu erbringen.

Content

Mit den Beiträgen: Thomas Sterling: Supercomputer - die jüngsten Entwicklungen Phänomenale Durchbrüche sind nicht zu vermeIden; aber die Höchstleistungsrechner entwickeln sich mit einer Geschwindigkeit, die sogar dasTempo der allgemeinen Computerentwicklung in den Schatten stellt. W. Wayt Gibbs: Doppelt zählt besser Pentium und seine Prozessorkollegen stoßen an ihre Grenzen. Die Chipindustrie reagiert mit »MultiCore-Chips«. Für Softwareentwickler ist dies keine gute Nachricht. W. Wayt Gibbs: Rechnen mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit In »photonischen« Computern sorgen für den Datentransfer zwischen den Mikrochips nicht mehr Strompulse, sondern Lichtquanten. Schon in zehn Jahren könnte diese Verknüpfung von Photonik und Elektronik den Computermarkt dramatisch verändern.

Field

Informatik

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