Document (#25320)

Author
Berger, R.
Title
Warum der Mensch spricht : eine Naturgeschichte der Sprache
Imprint
Frankfurt am Main : Eichborn
Year
2008
Pages
304 S
Isbn
3-8218-5687-4
Abstract
Wie, wann und warum nur der Mensch zur Sprache kam. Der Mensch wird erst durch Sprache zum Menschen. Aber wann war das? Und vor allem: wie und warum passierte das? War es eine Zufallsmutation, wie viele Forscher glauben, die erst vor wenigen Jahrzehntausenden beim modernen Menschen geschah? Oder fanden die Anfänge der Sprachentwicklung nicht schon viel früher statt, nämlich bereits vor rund 2 Millionen Jahren, als aus aufrecht gehenden Menschenaffen die allerersten frühen Urmenschen entstanden? Deren Babys konnten sich wegen der zurückgehenden Körperbehaarung nicht mehr an den Müttern festhalten. Fingen die Mütter damals an, mit ihren Babys über Laute zu kommunizieren, wenn sie sie aus dem Arm legen mussten? Zum ersten Mal hat die Sprachwissenschaftlerin Ruth Berger populärwissenschaftlich die neuesten Erkenntnisse der Sprachwissenschaft, Paläoanthropologie, Biologie, Archäologie und Neurologie vereint, um die Frage nach dem Ursprung der menschlichen Sprache beantworten zu können. Sie zeigt: Sprache steht nicht am Ende der menschlichen Evolution, sondern hat die Entwicklung des menschlichen Gehirns und Verhaltens entscheidend geprägt.
Footnote
Rez. in: Franfurter Rundschau Nr.217 vom 16.9.2008, S.14: "Wann und wo das menschliche Sprachvermögen entstanden ist, ist immer noch ein großes Mysterium. Bis vor kurzem schien es sogar, als sollten sämtliche Versuche, der Sache wissenschaftlich auf den Grund zu kommen, scheitern. Doch mittlerweile hat sich die Forschungssituation verändert. Heute gibt es im wesentlichen zwei, einander allerdings widersprechende Erklärungen für den Ursprung der menschlichen Redebegabung. Zum einen gibt es die Auffassung, dass erst eine plötzliche genetische Veränderung vor rund 200000 Jahren den stummen Homo sapiens zum Sprechen gebracht hat. Es gibt auch die Theorie, dass die Entwicklung der menschlichen Sprachfähigkeit von Anfang an mit der Evolution zum Menschen verzahnt gewesen wäre und mehrere Millionen Jahre in Anspruch genommen habe. Dieser Ansicht ist auch die Biologin und Linguistin Ruth Berger. In ihrem Buch analysiert sie eingehend die anatomischen und neuronalen Voraussetzungen des Sprechens und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass bereits der Homo ergaster über eine Protosprache verfügt haben dürfte. Doch ob es sich nun um die Manipulation und Täuschung anderer, das kulturelle Lernen, oder den sexuellen Wettbewerb handelt - Ruth Berger verknüpft souverän Erkenntnisse der Natur-und Sozialwissenschaften, und sie schreibt noch dazu witzig und elegant. Ein brillantes Buch. (Frank Ufen)"
Field
Sprachwissenschaft
RSWK
Sprachursprung
Sprachentwicklung
DDC
417.7 / DDC22ger
GHBS
BFA (SI)
RVK
ES 415

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