Document (#27966)

Author
Glowalla, U.
Title
Information und Lernen
Source
Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. 5., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. 2 Bde. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, Th. Seeger u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried. Bd.1: Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis
Imprint
München : Saur
Year
2004
Pages
S.711-715
Abstract
Menschen verfügen über ein breites Handlungsrepertoire und umfangreiches Wissen. Wir können laufen und sprechen, viele von uns sogar in verschiedenen Sprachen. Wir wissen, wie man ein Auto fährt, dass Mozart ein Komponist war, und fürchten uns, wenn uns ein aggressiver Hund begegnet. Ohne dieses vielfältige Wissen wären wir nicht in der Lage, uns in der Welt zurechtzufinden und zu behaupten. Einen großen Teil dieses Wissens haben wir durch Beobachten unserer Artgenossen gelernt (Beobachtungslernen). Anderes haben wir gelernt, weil die Umwelt auf unsere Handlungen reagiert. Reagiert die Umwelt positiv auf eine unserer Handlungen, dann zeigen wir diese Handlung in Zukunft häufiger, reagiert sie negativ, lassen wir es eher bleiben (operantes Konditionieren). Viele Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten erwerben wir aber dadurch, dass wir extern vorliegende Informationen aufnehmen und so verarbeiten, dass dabei neues Wissen entsteht. Psychologen sprechen hier von menschlicher Informationsverarbeitung oder kognitivem Lernen, um zum Ausdruck zu bringen, dass die Informationen durch ein verstehendes, kognitives System verarbeitet werden. Das kognitive Lernen steht im Fokus dieses Beitrages. Die hohe Bedeutung des kognitiven Lernens gerade im Zeitalter der Informationsgesellschaft liegt auf der Hand: Mächtige und effiziente Formen der externen Speicherung von Wissen stellen nur dann einen Vorteil dar, wenn die Mechanismen, mit denen wir aus Information Wissen schaffen, vergleichbar mächtig und effizient sind.
Theme
Information
Field
Kognitionswissenschaft

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