Document (#44268)

Author

Kerres, M.
Klar, M.
Mulders, M.

Title

Informationskompetenz neu denken : von Google zu ChatGPT

Source

Erwachsenenbildung 70 (2024) H.2, S.52-57

Year

2024

Abstract

Unsere informationelle Umwelt hat sich verändert: Traditionelle Mechanismen der Wissensbereitstellung lösen sich auf; Informationen sind jederzeit und an jedem Ort über Suchmaschinen abrufbar. Neue Akteure definieren, welches Wissen einer Kultur verfügbar ist und bleibt. Suchmaschinen selegieren, modifizieren und aggregieren das Wissen, das Menschen bei ihren Suchanfragen präsentiert wird. Dabei bleiben die Mechanismen der Maschinen, die diese Entscheidungen treffen, als Betriebsgeheimnis verschlossen und entziehen sich dem gesellschaftlichen Diskurs. Der reflektierte Umgang mit Information in diesem Umfeld wird zu einer wesentlichen Kompetenz für die Orientierung des Einzelnen in seiner Lebenswelt und der politischen Diskussion im Weiteren. Und während wir die Implikationen dieser Entwicklung noch gesellschaftlich prozessieren, deutet sich mit KI-basierten Chatbots ein Einschnitt an, der unseren Umgang mit Information nochmals grundlegend herausfordert. Dieser Übergang von der klassischen Suchmaschine zur generativen KI wird in dem Beitrag beleuchtet. Aufgezeigt wird, welche Kompetenzanforderungen sich im Unterschied von bisher "reproduktiven" zu künftig "produktiven" Konversationen von Mensch und Maschine - und ihrem Zusammenwachsen in Rekursionen-ergeben. Informationen finden mit der Suchmaschine Suchmaschinen wurden Anfang der 2000er Jahre als Lösung für die zusehends wachsende Zahl an Informationen im Internet entwickelt. Sie durchforsten kontinuierlich und weltweit alle öffentlich zugänglichen Server, indem sie Informationen erfassen und den Links folgen. Sie nutzen Crawler, um Webseiten zu finden und zu indizieren. Wir haben uns daran gewöhnt, mit Suchmaschinen zu interagieren. Wir vertrauen oft den ersten angezeigten Suchergebnissen und beachten selten die Einträge auf nachfolgenden Seiten. Dadurch erhalten Suchmaschinen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Auswahl und Bewertung von Informationen im Internet. Was eine Sprachgemeinschaft kulturell erinnert, wird somit maßgeblich von dem beeinflusst, was Suchmaschinen als Suchtreffer anzeigen. Informationskompetenz betrifft dann das Erstellen einer Suchanfrage, die Auswahl und Bewertung der Suchfunde anhand von Qualitätskriterien und ihrer Zusammenführung und Verwertung (vgl. Klingenberg, 2017). Im Umgang mit Suchmaschinen haben wir gelernt, dass Webseiten unterschiedliche Qualität und Vertrauenswürdigkeit aufweisen. Wir haben uns eine gewisse Skepsis angeeignet und erfahren, dass nicht jede gut gemachte Webseite auch vertrauenswürdige Information vorhält. Die Suchmaschine verweist auf Quellen: Sie reproduziert Information.

Content

Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378776677_Informationskompetenz_neu_denken_Von_Google_zu_ChatGPT.

Theme

Suchmaschinen

Object

ChatGPT

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5. Weinhold, T.; Bekavec, B.; Schneider, G.; Bauer, L.; Böller, N.: Wissenschaftliche Suchmaschinen : Übersicht, Technologien, Funktionen und Vergleich (2011) 0.27

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