Document (#27572)

Author

Thelwall, M.
Wilkinson, D.

Title

Finding similar academic Web sites with links, bibliometric couplings and colinks

Source

Information processing and management. 40(2004) no.3, S.515-526

Year

2004

Abstract

A common task in both Webmetrics and Web information retrieval is to identify a set of Web pages or sites that are similar in content. In this paper we assess the extent to which links, colinks and couplings can be used to identify similar Web sites. As an experiment, a random sample of 500 pairs of domains from the UK academic Web were taken and human assessments of site similarity, based upon content type, were compared against ratings for the three concepts. The results show that using a combination of all three gives the highest probability of identifying similar sites, but surprisingly this was only a marginal improvement over using links alone. Another unexpected result was that high values for either colink counts or couplings were associated with only a small increased likelihood of similarity. The principal advantage of using couplings and colinks was found to be greater coverage in terms of a much larger number of pairs of sites being connected by these measures, instead of increased probability of similarity. In information retrieval terminology, this is improved recall rather than improved precision.

Theme

Informetrie
Internet

Similar documents (author)

1. Thelwall, M.; Wilkinson, D.: Graph structure in three national academic Webs : power laws with anomalies (2003) 5.54

   5.54445 = sum of:
     5.54445 = sum of:
       1.8287488 = weight(author_txt:thelwall in 2681) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.8287488 = score(doc=2681,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52900064 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           3.4569879 = fieldWeight in 2681, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2681)
       3.715701 = weight(author_txt:wilkinson in 2681) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.715701 = score(doc=2681,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8486214 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2665691 = boost
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           4.3785143 = fieldWeight in 2681, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2681)
   

2. Thelwall, M.; Wilkinson, D.: Public dialogs in social network sites : What is their purpose? (2010) 5.54

   5.54445 = sum of:
     5.54445 = sum of:
       1.8287488 = weight(author_txt:thelwall in 314) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.8287488 = score(doc=314,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52900064 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           3.4569879 = fieldWeight in 314, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=314)
       3.715701 = weight(author_txt:wilkinson in 314) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.715701 = score(doc=314,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8486214 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2665691 = boost
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           4.3785143 = fieldWeight in 314, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=314)
   

3. Wilkinson, D.; Thelwall, M.: Social network site changes over time : the case of MySpace (2010) 5.54

   5.54445 = sum of:
     5.54445 = sum of:
       1.8287488 = weight(author_txt:thelwall in 106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.8287488 = score(doc=106,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52900064 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           3.4569879 = fieldWeight in 106, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=106)
       3.715701 = weight(author_txt:wilkinson in 106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.715701 = score(doc=106,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8486214 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2665691 = boost
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           4.3785143 = fieldWeight in 106, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=106)
   

4. Wilkinson, D.; Thelwall, M.: Trending Twitter topics in English : an international comparison (2012) 5.54

   5.54445 = sum of:
     5.54445 = sum of:
       1.8287488 = weight(author_txt:thelwall in 1375) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.8287488 = score(doc=1375,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52900064 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           3.4569879 = fieldWeight in 1375, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1375)
       3.715701 = weight(author_txt:wilkinson in 1375) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.715701 = score(doc=1375,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8486214 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2665691 = boost
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           4.3785143 = fieldWeight in 1375, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1375)
   

5. Thelwall, M.; Wilkinson, D.; Uppal, S.: Data mining emotion in social network communication : gender differences in MySpace (2009) 4.16

   4.1583376 = sum of:
     4.1583376 = sum of:
       1.3715616 = weight(author_txt:thelwall in 309) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.3715616 = score(doc=309,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52900064 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           2.592741 = fieldWeight in 309, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=309)
       2.7867758 = weight(author_txt:wilkinson in 309) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.7867758 = score(doc=309,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.8486214 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2665691 = boost
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.076511785 = queryNorm
           3.2838857 = fieldWeight in 309, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=309)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Chew, S.W.; Khoo, K.S.G.: Comparison of drug information on consumer drug review sites versus authoritative health information websites (2016) 0.34

   0.34016156 = sum of:
     0.34016156 = product of:
       0.8504039 = sum of:
         0.007831989 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.007831989 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05207797 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0382143 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.15038967 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.074637376 = weight(abstract_txt:ratings in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.074637376 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16230673 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0581996 = boost
               7.357662 = idf(docFreq=76, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.4598539 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.357662 = idf(docFreq=76, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.027363624 = weight(abstract_txt:content in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027363624 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10475096 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2022461 = boost
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26122552 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.028482422 = weight(abstract_txt:only in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028482422 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1075871 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2184128 = boost
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26473826 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.055408973 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055408973 = score(doc=3643,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11624882 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.26651 = boost
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.47664115 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.04479989 = weight(abstract_txt:identify in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04479989 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14551024 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4169716 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.30788136 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.023222422 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023222422 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10748413 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4915305 = boost
               3.4568708 = idf(docFreq=3806, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.21605442 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4568708 = idf(docFreq=3806, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.03921733 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03921733 = score(doc=3643,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.120980315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5824039 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.3241629 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.10576936 = weight(abstract_txt:similar in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10576936 = score(doc=3643,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3250565 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9950824 = boost
               5.206202 = idf(docFreq=661, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.32538763 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.206202 = idf(docFreq=661, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
         0.44367048 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 3643) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.44367048 = score(doc=3643,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.43783966 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.88635 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             1.0133172 = fieldWeight in 3643, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3643)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

2. Thelwall, M.; Harries, G.: Do the Web Sites of Higher Rated Scholars Have Significantly More Online Impact? (2004) 0.32

   0.32422355 = sum of:
     0.32422355 = product of:
       0.7368717 = sum of:
         0.012878831 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012878831 = score(doc=3123,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.050305627 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0203949 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.011076105 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011076105 = score(doc=3123,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05207797 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0382143 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.21268311 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.074637376 = weight(abstract_txt:ratings in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.074637376 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16230673 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0581996 = boost
               7.357662 = idf(docFreq=76, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.4598539 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.357662 = idf(docFreq=76, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.027363624 = weight(abstract_txt:content in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027363624 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10475096 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2022461 = boost
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26122552 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.028482422 = weight(abstract_txt:only in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028482422 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1075871 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2184128 = boost
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26473826 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.038206242 = weight(abstract_txt:academic in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038206242 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13085745 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3437349 = boost
               4.6714945 = idf(docFreq=1129, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.2919684 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6714945 = idf(docFreq=1129, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.04479989 = weight(abstract_txt:identify in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04479989 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14551024 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4169716 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.30788136 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.023222422 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023222422 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10748413 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4915305 = boost
               3.4568708 = idf(docFreq=3806, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.21605442 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4568708 = idf(docFreq=3806, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.1142822 = weight(abstract_txt:links in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1142822 = score(doc=3123,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2468208 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2602208 = boost
               5.238438 = idf(docFreq=640, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.4630169 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.238438 = idf(docFreq=640, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.10576936 = weight(abstract_txt:similar in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10576936 = score(doc=3123,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3250565 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9950824 = boost
               5.206202 = idf(docFreq=661, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.32538763 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.206202 = idf(docFreq=661, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
         0.25615326 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 3123) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25615326 = score(doc=3123,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.43783966 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.88635 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.58503896 = fieldWeight in 3123, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3123)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

3. Thelwall, M.: Conceptualizing documentation on the Web : an evaluation of different heuristic-based models for counting links between university Web sites (2002) 0.22

   0.22137435 = sum of:
     0.22137435 = product of:
       0.6149287 = sum of:
         0.0166265 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0166265 = score(doc=1978,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.050305627 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0203949 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.33050975 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.011076105 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011076105 = score(doc=1978,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05207797 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0382143 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.21268311 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.028482422 = weight(abstract_txt:only in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028482422 = score(doc=1978,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1075871 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2184128 = boost
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26473826 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.031990387 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031990387 = score(doc=1978,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11624882 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.26651 = boost
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.2751889 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.04479989 = weight(abstract_txt:identify in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04479989 = score(doc=1978,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14551024 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4169716 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.30788136 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.027730841 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027730841 = score(doc=1978,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.120980315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5824039 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.2292178 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.11725958 = weight(abstract_txt:pairs in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11725958 = score(doc=1978,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27635956 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9527723 = boost
               6.7888126 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.4243008 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7888126 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.08080971 = weight(abstract_txt:links in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08080971 = score(doc=1978,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2468208 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2602208 = boost
               5.238438 = idf(docFreq=640, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.32740238 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.238438 = idf(docFreq=640, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
         0.25615326 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 1978) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25615326 = score(doc=1978,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.43783966 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.88635 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.58503896 = fieldWeight in 1978, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1978)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Toms, E.G.; Taves, A.R.: Measuring user perceptions of Web site reputation (2004) 0.20

   0.20446031 = sum of:
     0.20446031 = product of:
       0.6389385 = sum of:
         0.06668131 = weight(abstract_txt:assessments in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06668131 = score(doc=3565,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15055725 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0191784 = boost
               7.086347 = idf(docFreq=100, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.4428967 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.086347 = idf(docFreq=100, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.014871193 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014871193 = score(doc=3565,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.050305627 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0203949 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.015663978 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015663978 = score(doc=3565,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.05207797 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0382143 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.30077934 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.027363624 = weight(abstract_txt:content in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027363624 = score(doc=3565,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10475096 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2022461 = boost
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26122552 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.031990387 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031990387 = score(doc=3565,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11624882 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.26651 = boost
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.2751889 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.063356616 = weight(abstract_txt:identify in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.063356616 = score(doc=3565,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14551024 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4169716 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.43541 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.027730841 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027730841 = score(doc=3565,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.120980315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5824039 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.2292178 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
         0.39128056 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 3565) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39128056 = score(doc=3565,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.43783966 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.88635 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.89366174 = fieldWeight in 3565, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3565)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

5. Li, L.; He, D.; Zhang, C.; Geng, L.; Zhang, K.: Characterizing peer-judged answer quality on academic Q&A sites : a cross-disciplinary case study on ResearchGate (2018) 0.19

   0.19431974 = sum of:
     0.19431974 = product of:
       0.53977704 = sum of:
         0.010515522 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010515522 = score(doc=637,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.050305627 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0203949 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.20903271 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.007831989 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.007831989 = score(doc=637,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05207797 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0382143 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.15038967 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.027363624 = weight(abstract_txt:content in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027363624 = score(doc=637,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10475096 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2022461 = boost
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.26122552 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1796083 = idf(docFreq=1847, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.045241237 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045241237 = score(doc=637,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11624882 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.26651 = boost
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.38917586 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.08543176 = weight(abstract_txt:academic in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08543176 = score(doc=637,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.13085745 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3437349 = boost
               4.6714945 = idf(docFreq=1129, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.65286124 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.6714945 = idf(docFreq=1129, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.04479989 = weight(abstract_txt:identify in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04479989 = score(doc=637,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14551024 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4169716 = boost
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.30788136 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9261017 = idf(docFreq=875, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.023222422 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023222422 = score(doc=637,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10748413 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4915305 = boost
               3.4568708 = idf(docFreq=3806, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.21605442 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4568708 = idf(docFreq=3806, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.03921733 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03921733 = score(doc=637,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.120980315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5824039 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.3241629 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
         0.25615326 = weight(abstract_txt:sites in 637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25615326 = score(doc=637,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.43783966 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.88635 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020846304 = queryNorm
             0.58503896 = fieldWeight in 637, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=637)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)