Document (#27415)

Editor

Serres, M. u. N. Farouki

Title

Thesaurus der exakten Wissenschaften : Unter Mitarb. von Charles Auffray u.a

Issue

Aus dem Französischen von Michael Bischoff und Ulrike Bischoff.

Imprint

Frankfurt : Zweitausendeins

Year

2001

Pages

1216 S

Isbn

3-86150-365-4

Abstract

Wissen, Wissenschaft, Wissensmacht. Das Informationszeitalter blickt misstrauisch und -mutig, aber immer noch mit Respekt, mit Ehrfurcht, auf die Jahrhunderte hinter uns zurück: in denen es eine Einheit gab von Wissen, Reflexion und Handeln. Heute ist Information alles, aber was kann da Wissen noch sein? Vor drei Jahren haben Michel Serres. und Nayla Farouki mit ihren Kollegen eine praktische Antwort versucht - einen "Thesaurus der exakten Wissenschaften", der nun auf Deutsch vorliegt. Ein Thesaurus, eine Schatzkammer also. Jener Ort, in einem Heiligtum, wo ein Schatz gehütet wurde. Der Schatz des Wissens, der exakten Wissenschaften genau gesagt, umfasst Astrophysik, Biochemie, Chemie, Genetik, Geowissenschaften, Informatik, Mathematik und Physik. Was ist dieses Wissen und wie kann es sich darstellen: "Jorge Luis Borges erzählt eine wunderbare Geschichte, in der berichtet wird, hier und da seien auf der Welt noch die Reste einer im Maßstab 1:1 angefertigten Weltkarte zu besichtigen ... Im Extremfall stößt die Geometrie auf den leeren, glatten homogenen, transparenten Raum oder das Fraktal verliert sich in seien sich endlos auffächernden Singularitaten. Das sind die beiden Grenzen, die die unüberbrückbare, widersprüchliche Kluft zwischen Realem und Formalem markieren. Welt und platonische Vernunft behalten wir immer beide zugleich in den Augen. Freilich nicht ohne zu schielen." Dieser Strabismus ist der schönste Effekt des gewaltigen Buches von Serres / Farouki, gerade richtig für ein Werk, in dem sich Hypertrophie und Bescheidenheit paaren. Das Wissen der Welt noch einmal zwischen zwei Buchdeckeln zu sammeln - was könnte absurder, verführerischer, beunruhigender sein. "Wir suchen nach dem Wissen nicht mehr wie nach einer einsamen Insel im unermesslichen Meer des Nichtwissens. Unser Streben gilt vielmehr einem besonderen, ausgewählten, bestätigten Wissen im Meer der Erkenntnis, einem 'Schatz' in der unförmigen Masse des Wissens. Hier ist er beschrieben, dieser 'Schatz', dieser Thesaurus, und doch auch immer wieder in Frage gestellt von Autoren, die sich als Forscher verstehen, dem Leser aber kaum voraus sind. Kein Buch für den wissenschaftlichen Zirkel - der circulus vitiosus zwischen Lesern und Autoren hat seit vielen Jahren seine Kraft verloren. Das ThesaurusProjekt, das klingt wie ein Roman von Robert Ludlum, dem großen Spannungsautor, der vor wenigen Tagen gestorben ist. ... von einem exakten Thriller - die reine Neugier ist der Antrieb, beim Leser, bei den Schreibenden. Das Buch spannt ein Netz des Wissens auf - aber mit den nervösen Internet-Link-Geschichten, von denen heute vollmundig die Rede ist, hat es nichts zu tun. Das Buch beansprucht Dauer, auch wenn es sich im Moment seines Erscheinens bereits als überholt erweisen könnte. Es ist modern, weil. es sich den Postulaten der Moderne widersetzt, nimmt Zeitlosigkeit in Anspruch für sich, wenigstens für einen Augenblick. Serres hat sich in seiner Arbeit von Anfang an auf Borges und Jules Verne berufen - beide hätten sich für die neuen Kommunikationsmedien sicher aufgeschlossen gezeigt. Im Moment engagiert Serres selbst sich für die Möglichkeiten der Wissenschaft im E-Book-Bereich. Enzyklopädie, Wissensbilanz ... Die meisten der Artikel des Thesaurus haben keinen einzelnen Autor, sind von zwei, drei, manchmal von allen Mitarbeitern verfasst worden. Das erklärt ihre nüchterne Zurückhaltung - die immer wieder aber in einen magischen Surrealismus umschlägt. Der Roman des Jahrhunderts, auch dies ein Fazit des Thesaurus, wird also nicht von den Literaten geschrieben, sondern wahrscheinlich von den Wissenschaftlern. "Das Ganze erzählt sich anders als die Summe aller Unterschiede. Jede einzelne Wissenschaft deduziert, experimentiert und räsonniert in ihrem eigentümlichen Dialekt, die Umgangsspraehe erzählt die Wissenschaft. Die Erzählung vervollständigt die Wissensbereiche. Wie zur Entlastung Körperfunktionen oder seelische Fähigkeiten auf äußere Objekte ausgelagert werden, um für Neues gewappnet zu sein, so werden die Konzepte der Wissenschaft in dieser Erzählung oder diesem Lexikon deponiert und befreien den Forscher, entlasten uns alle, damit sie und wir uns neuen Anschauungen zuwenden können ... Einst stand die Wissenschaft in förmlichem Gegensatz zu den Erzählungen, heute übernimmt die Erkenntnis deren Form." Wissen, Wissenschaft, Wissensdurst. Das Buch ist auf merkwürdige Weise anachronistisch, und am Ende durch und durch moralisch - wie jede Moderne moralisch ist. Wissen verpflichtet, so finden wir am Ende der Einleitung eine Art hippokratischen Eid

Content

Originalausg. u.d.T.: Le Trésore dictionnaire des sciences, 1997

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2001, H.9, S.95 (C. Pöppe: "Ein Mammutprojekt einer Gruppe französischer Wissenschaftler ist zu einem bewundernswerten Werk gediehen. "Le Tresor. Dictionnaire des Sciences", im Original 1997 erschienen, ist kein Lexikon im üblichen Sinne. Es beschränkt sich ausdrücklich auf Grundkonzepte der Wissenschaften und erläutert diese in langen, inhaltsreichen Artikeln. Das Bemühen der Autoren um verständliche Sprache und die Kommentare vieler Probeleser haben prachtvolle Früchte getragen; Übersetzer und Bearbeiter haben sie wohlbehalten in die deutsche Sprache transportiert. Dass die Helden dieser Wissenschaftsgeschichte in ihrer großen Mehrheit Franzosen sind - wen stört's? Persönliche Vorlieben der Autoren schlagen - unvermeidlich - aufs Endergebnis durch. Die Mathematik nimmt, ihrer Bedeutung und der landesüblichen Wertschätzung entsprechend, breiten Raum ein. Die Autoren scheuen sich nicht, einen mathematischen Begriff wie "Linearität" in drei Stufen einzuführen: sehr erdnah und dann in zwei Abstraktions- und Verallgemeinerungsschritten. So kommen auch militante Formelhasser wenigstens in den Genuss eines oder zweier Absätze. Der Chemiker fühlt sich zu Höherem berufen - und rutscht gelegentlich aus: Der Artikel "Chemie" kippt nach wundervoll anwendungsbezogenem Beginn ("Silber putzen") in pseudophilosophisches Geschwätz ab, erholt sich allerdings wieder. Lassen Sie sich bloß nicht von der 40-seitigen Einleitung des Herausgebers Michel Serres abschrecken! Den verschlungenen und zweifellos hochgeistigen Ausführungen zum Trotz ist die Benutzung des Werkes ganz einfach: Es genügt, das Alphabet zu beherrschen.")

Theme

Thesauri

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4. Pöppel, E.: Wissen - und wie es kommuniziert werden kann (2007) 0.27

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5. Degele, N.: Neue Kompetenzen im Internet : Kommunikation abwehren, Information vermeiden (2005) 0.25

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