Document (#26599)

Author

Fraser, N.

Title

Soziale Gerechtigkeit in der Wissensgesellschaft : Umverteilung, Anerkennung und Teilhabe

Source

Gut zu Wissen: Links zur Wissensgesellschaft. Hrsg.: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, konzipiert und bearb. von Andreas Poltermann

Imprint

Münster : Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot

Year

2002

Pages

S.50-63

Abstract

Wer den Begriff "Wissensgesellschaft" wählt, geht wahrscheinlich davon aus, daß wir heute an der Schwelle einer größeren sozialen Umwälzung stehen. Ich bin dieser Ansicht. Auch wenn wir noch nicht genau sagen können, wie sich dieser umfassende Wandel am besten charakterisieren läßt, ist doch deutlich, daß wir es mit einigen epochalen Veränderungen zu tun haben. Ein Wandel hat stattgefunden vom Ford-Kapitalismus, der auf Massenproduktion, starken Gewerkschaften und dem Familieneinkommen als Normfall basierte, zu einer Nach-Ford-Phase, die auf dezentralisierter Produktion, zurückgehender gewerkschaftlicher Organisierung und der wachsenden Teilnahme von Frauen am Arbeitsprozeß beruht. Eine durchaus verwandte Verschiebung ist die von der Industriegesellschaft, deren Voraussetzung die Technologien der zweiten industriellen Revolution waren, zu dem, was Wissensgesellschaft genannt wird und was auf der Informationstechnologie der dritten industriellen Revolution beruht. Eine dritte Veränderung ist der Übergang von einer internationalen Ordnung souveräner Nationalstaaten zu einer globalisierten Ordnung, in der große transnationale Kapitalflüsse die nationalen Steuerungsmöglichkeiten beschneiden. Ich sehe all diese Entwicklungen als Teil eines Wegs zur Wissensgesellschaft. Ich glaube auch, daß sie alle mit einem weiteren zentralen Grundzug unserer Zeit gekoppelt sind: der wachsenden Bedeutung der Kultur in der jetzt entstehenden Ordnung. Diese neue Geltung der Kultur kann man in verschiedenen Ausprägungen sehen: in der größeren Rolle, die Arbeiter im Symbolbereich im Gegensatz zu industriellen Arbeitern in der globalen Informationsgesellschaft spielen; im sinkenden Stellenwert, den die Arbeit gegenüber der Religion und der ethnischen Zugehörigkeit für die soziale Identität vieler Menschen hat; in der geschärften Wahrnehmung kultureller Unterschiede im Gefolge wachsender Einwanderung; in der stärkeren kulturellen Mischung, die nicht nur durch den direkten transkulturellen Kontakt, sondern auch durch Kommunikation über elektronische Medien gefördert wird; in der Zunahme und schnellen Verbreitung von Bildern durch weltweite Massenunterhaltung und Werbung; und schließlich, als Konsequenz all dieser Veränderungen, in einem verstärkten Augenmerk auf das Verhältnis von Identität und Differenz. Was mich jedoch am meisten interessiert, ist die Auswirkung dieser neuen Stellung der Kultur auf die Politik - und damit auf die Perspektiven für soziale Gerechtigkeit.

Theme

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