Document (#24863)

Author

Croft, W.B.

Title

Combining approaches to information retrieval

Source

Advances in information retrieval: Recent research from the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval. Ed.: W.B. Croft

Imprint

Boston, MA : Kluwer Academic Publ.

Year

2000

Pages

S.1-36

Series

The Kluwer international series on information retrieval; 7

Abstract

The combination of different text representations and search strategies has become a standard technique for improving the effectiveness of information retrieval. Combination, for example, has been studied extensively in the TREC evaluations and is the basis of the "meta-search" engines used on the Web. This paper examines the development of this technique, including both experimental results and the retrieval models that have been proposed as formal frameworks for combination. We show that combining approaches for information retrieval can be modeled as combining the outputs of multiple classifiers based on one or more representations, and that this simple model can provide explanations for many of the experimental results. We also show that this view of combination is very similar to the inference net model, and that a new approach to retrieval based on language models supports combination and can be integrated with the inference net model

Theme

Verteilte bibliographische Datenbanken
Suchmaschinen

Similar documents (author)

1. Croft, W.B.: Approaches to intelligent information retrieval (1987) 5.02

   5.023691 = sum of:
     5.023691 = weight(author_txt:croft in 1093) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.023691 = fieldWeight in 1093, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1093)
   

2. Croft, W.B.: Clustering large files of documents using the single link method (1977) 5.02

   5.023691 = sum of:
     5.023691 = weight(author_txt:croft in 5488) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.023691 = fieldWeight in 5488, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5488)
   

3. Croft, W.B.: Knowledge-based and statistical approaches to text retrieval (1993) 5.02

   5.023691 = sum of:
     5.023691 = weight(author_txt:croft in 7862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.023691 = fieldWeight in 7862, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7862)
   

4. Croft, W.B.: Hypertext and information retrieval : what are the fundamental concepts? (1990) 5.02

   5.023691 = sum of:
     5.023691 = weight(author_txt:croft in 8002) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.023691 = fieldWeight in 8002, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=8002)
   

5. Croft, W.B.: What do people want from information retrieval? : the top 10 research issues for companies that use and sell IR systems (1995) 5.02

   5.023691 = sum of:
     5.023691 = weight(author_txt:croft in 3470) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.023691 = fieldWeight in 3470, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3470)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Song, D.; Bruza, P.D.: Towards context sensitive information inference (2003) 0.42

   0.41507348 = sum of:
     0.41507348 = product of:
       0.86473644 = sum of:
         0.016693365 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016693365 = score(doc=2428,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07678099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0408581 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.21741535 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.023812396 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023812396 = score(doc=2428,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.055687826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0856515 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.42760506 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.03380383 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03380383 = score(doc=2428,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12289524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3168375 = boost
               4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.27506217 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.03855329 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03855329 = score(doc=2428,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13415249 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3758277 = boost
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.2873841 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.055416044 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055416044 = score(doc=2428,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13561408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3833022 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.40863046 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.019138943 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019138943 = score(doc=2428,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07347495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4399564 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.26048255 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.022712851 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022712851 = score(doc=2428,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08871801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7690519 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.037580647 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037580647 = score(doc=2428,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15097244 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7875539 = boost
               3.9827821 = idf(docFreq=2249, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.24892388 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9827821 = idf(docFreq=2249, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.1209983 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1209983 = score(doc=2428,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.22824466 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7945889 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.53012544 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.26213613 = weight(abstract_txt:inference in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26213613 = score(doc=2428,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.30331162 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0687556 = boost
               6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.86424696 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.041656237 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041656237 = score(doc=2428,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19171575 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6005402 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.21728125 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
         0.19223437 = weight(abstract_txt:combination in 2428) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19223437 = score(doc=2428,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5314044 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3295946 = boost
               5.787965 = idf(docFreq=369, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.3617478 = fieldWeight in 2428, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.787965 = idf(docFreq=369, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2428)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

2. Bi, Y.: Sentiment classification in social media data by combining triplet belief functions (2022) 0.39

   0.3919146 = sum of:
     0.3919146 = product of:
       1.0886517 = sum of:
         0.02950998 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02950998 = score(doc=1614,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07678099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0408581 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.38433966 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.023407076 = weight(abstract_txt:been in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023407076 = score(doc=1614,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08289262 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0814903 = boost
               3.614442 = idf(docFreq=3251, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.2823783 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.614442 = idf(docFreq=3251, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.13538563 = weight(abstract_txt:outputs in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13538563 = score(doc=1614,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16825946 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0895306 = boost
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.8046242 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.18307696 = weight(abstract_txt:classifiers in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18307696 = score(doc=1614,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.17974485 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1261024 = boost
               7.5270805 = idf(docFreq=64, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             1.018538 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.5270805 = idf(docFreq=64, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.013812342 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013812342 = score(doc=1614,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07347495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4399564 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.18798709 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.08679492 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08679492 = score(doc=1614,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19858539 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.673934 = boost
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.437066 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.02318121 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02318121 = score(doc=1614,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08871801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7690519 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.253658 = weight(abstract_txt:combining in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.253658 = score(doc=1614,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.36881104 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.793909 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.6877723 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
         0.33982554 = weight(abstract_txt:combination in 1614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.33982554 = score(doc=1614,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5314044 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3295946 = boost
               5.787965 = idf(docFreq=369, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.6394858 = fieldWeight in 1614, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.787965 = idf(docFreq=369, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1614)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

3. Wu, M.; Hawking, D.; Turpin, A.; Scholer, F.: Using anchor text for homepage and topic distillation search tasks (2012) 0.36

   0.36357594 = sum of:
     0.36357594 = product of:
       0.69918454 = sum of:
         0.059214666 = weight(abstract_txt:evaluations in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059214666 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14174268 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.684188 = idf(docFreq=150, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.41776174 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.684188 = idf(docFreq=150, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.028913757 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028913757 = score(doc=1257,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07678099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0408581 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.37657443 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.018725662 = weight(abstract_txt:been in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018725662 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08289262 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0814903 = boost
               3.614442 = idf(docFreq=3251, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.22590263 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.614442 = idf(docFreq=3251, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.047414135 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047414135 = score(doc=1257,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.08474471 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0935055 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.5594938 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.03380383 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03380383 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12289524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3168375 = boost
               4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.27506217 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.06677626 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06677626 = score(doc=1257,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13415249 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3758277 = boost
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.49776384 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.015626881 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015626881 = score(doc=1257,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07347495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4399564 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.21268311 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.0623412 = weight(abstract_txt:experimental in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0623412 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18481669 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6148615 = boost
               5.397019 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.33731368 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.397019 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.06943594 = weight(abstract_txt:technique in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06943594 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19858539 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.673934 = boost
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.3496528 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.026226543 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026226543 = score(doc=1257,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.08871801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7690519 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.08555872 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08555872 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22824466 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7945889 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.3748553 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.041656237 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041656237 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19171575 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6005402 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.21728125 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
         0.14349064 = weight(abstract_txt:combining in 1257) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14349064 = score(doc=1257,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.36881104 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.793909 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.38906276 = fieldWeight in 1257, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1257)
       0.52 = coord(13/25)
   

4. Elovici, Y.; Shapira, Y.B.; Kantor, P.B.: ¬A decision theoretic approach to combining information filters : an analytical and empirical evaluation. (2006) 0.32

   0.31731573 = sum of:
     0.31731573 = product of:
       0.88143253 = sum of:
         0.08962439 = weight(abstract_txt:trec in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08962439 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14259502 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0030022 = boost
               6.704255 = idf(docFreq=147, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.62852395 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.704255 = idf(docFreq=147, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.021873081 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021873081 = score(doc=267,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.055687826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0856515 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.3927803 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.11487852 = weight(abstract_txt:outputs in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11487852 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16825946 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0895306 = boost
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.6827463 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.050705746 = weight(abstract_txt:show in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050705746 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12289524 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3168375 = boost
               4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.41259325 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.400995 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.016574811 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016574811 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07347495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4399564 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.2255845 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.02781745 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02781745 = score(doc=267,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08871801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7690519 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.31354907 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.05637097 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05637097 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15097244 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7875539 = boost
               3.9827821 = idf(docFreq=2249, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.37338582 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9827821 = idf(docFreq=2249, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.21523596 = weight(abstract_txt:combining in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21523596 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.36881104 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.793909 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.58359414 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
         0.28835157 = weight(abstract_txt:combination in 267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28835157 = score(doc=267,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5314044 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3295946 = boost
               5.787965 = idf(docFreq=369, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.54262173 = fieldWeight in 267, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.787965 = idf(docFreq=369, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=267)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

5. Rajashekar, T.B.; Croft, W.B.: Combining automatic and manual index representations in probabilistic retrieval (1995) 0.32

   0.31521738 = sum of:
     0.31521738 = product of:
       0.8756038 = sum of:
         0.043370638 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043370638 = score(doc=3418,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.07678099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0408581 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.56486166 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.025256861 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025256861 = score(doc=3418,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.055687826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0856515 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.45354366 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.029035108 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029035108 = score(doc=3418,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08474471 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0935055 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.34261855 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.023440324 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023440324 = score(doc=3418,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07347495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4399564 = boost
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.31902468 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.034069277 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034069277 = score(doc=3418,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08871801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7690519 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.3840176 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.079720594 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.079720594 = score(doc=3418,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15097244 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7875539 = boost
               3.9827821 = idf(docFreq=2249, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.5280473 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9827821 = idf(docFreq=2249, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.19660212 = weight(abstract_txt:inference in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19660212 = score(doc=3418,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.30331162 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0687556 = boost
               6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.64818525 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.9139757 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.13971928 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13971928 = score(doc=3418,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.19171575 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6005402 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.7287835 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
         0.3043896 = weight(abstract_txt:combining in 3418) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3043896 = score(doc=3418,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.36881104 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.793909 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02120567 = queryNorm
             0.8253267 = fieldWeight in 3418, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3418)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)