Document (#22145)

Author

Ferber, R.

Title

Automated indexing with thesaurus descriptors : a co-occurence based approach to multilingual retrieval

Source

Research and advanced technology for digital libraries: First European Conference, ECDL'97, Pisa, Italy, September 1997, Proceedings. Ed.: C. Peters u. C. Thanos

Imprint

Berlin : Springer

Year

1997

Pages

S.233-252

Series

Lecture notes in computer science; 1324

Abstract

Indexing documents with descriptors from a multilingual thesaurus is an approach to multilingual information retrieval. However, manual indexing is expensive. Automazed indexing methods in general use terms found in the document. Thesaurus descriptors are complex terms that are often not used in documents or have specific meanings within the thesaurus; therefore most weighting schemes of automated indexing methods are not suited to select thesaurus descriptors. In this paper a linear associative system is described that uses similarity values extracted from a large corpus of manually indexed documents to construct a rank ordering of the descriptors for a given document title. The system is adaptive and has to be tuned with a training sample of records for the specific task. The system was tested on a corpus of some 80.000 bibliographic records. The results show a high variability with changing parameter values. This indicated that it is very important to empirically adapt the model to the specific situation it is used in. The overall median of the manually assigned descriptors in the automatically generated ranked list of all 3.631 descriptors is 14 for the set used to adapt the system and 11 for a test set not used in the optimization process. This result shows that the optimization is not a fitting to a specific training set but a real adaptation of the model to the setting

Theme

Automatisches Indexieren
Multilinguale Probleme

Similar documents (author)

1. Ferber, R.: Vorhersage der Suchwortwahl von professionellen Rechercheuren in Literaturdatenbanken durch assoziative Netze (1992) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:ferber in 447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 447, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=447)
   

2. Ferber, R.: Dokumentsuche und Dokumenterschließung (1999) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:ferber in 5145) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 5145, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5145)
   

3. Ferber, R.: Information Retrieval : Data Mining-Verfahren für Textsammlungen und das Web (2003) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:ferber in 2848) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 2848, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2848)
   

4. Koschinsky, G.; Ferber, R.: Kommunikationswege beim E-Learning : eine empirische Untersuchung an der Hochschule Darmstadt (2007) 4.81

   4.811013 = sum of:
     4.811013 = weight(author_txt:ferber in 2319) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.811013 = fieldWeight in 2319, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2319)
   

5. Ferber, R.; Wettler, M.; Rapp, R.: ¬An associative model of word selection in the generation of search queries (1995) 3.61

   3.60826 = sum of:
     3.60826 = weight(author_txt:ferber in 3245) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.60826 = fieldWeight in 3245, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3245)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Frâncu, V.; Sabo, C.-N.: Implementation of a UDC-based multilingual thesaurus in a library catalogue : the case of BiblioPhil (2010) 0.39

   0.39158225 = sum of:
     0.39158225 = product of:
       1.2236946 = sum of:
         0.027704014 = weight(abstract_txt:records in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027704014 = score(doc=684,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08015229 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0677565 = boost
               4.42422 = idf(docFreq=1446, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.3456422 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.42422 = idf(docFreq=1446, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.009951057 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009951057 = score(doc=684,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.051028207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.204854 = boost
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.19501092 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.056216504 = weight(abstract_txt:automated in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056216504 = score(doc=684,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12846851 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3518006 = boost
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.43758973 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.0419329 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0419329 = score(doc=684,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09230537 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6204766 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.4542845 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.024548486 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024548486 = score(doc=684,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09316382 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6279944 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.26349807 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.26815152 = weight(abstract_txt:multilingual in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26815152 = score(doc=684,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.24369581 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2802577 = boost
               6.2987905 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             1.1003535 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               6.2987905 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.22111735 = weight(abstract_txt:thesaurus in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22111735 = score(doc=684,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.27369237 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.11972 = boost
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.80790466 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
         0.57407266 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptors in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.57407266 = score(doc=684,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.6365722 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6295295 = boost
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.90181863 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Medelyan, O.; Witten, I.H.: Domain-independent automatic keyphrase indexing with small training sets (2008) 0.31

   0.3102096 = sum of:
     0.3102096 = product of:
       0.775524 = sum of:
         0.025331687 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025331687 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.075508684 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0363649 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.33548045 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.011968376 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011968376 = score(doc=2871,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.045804795 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1415232 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.017235737 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017235737 = score(doc=2871,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.051028207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.204854 = boost
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.33776882 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.042544823 = weight(abstract_txt:training in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042544823 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10668875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2318947 = boost
               5.104322 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.39877516 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.104322 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.06728148 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06728148 = score(doc=2871,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.10443072 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4927052 = boost
               4.123322 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.64426905 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.123322 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.093877375 = weight(abstract_txt:manually in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.093877375 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18082623 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6037807 = boost
               6.6452217 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.51915795 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.6452217 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.024209969 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024209969 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09230537 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6204766 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.26228127 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.05107493 = weight(abstract_txt:specific in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05107493 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1518341 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0783272 = boost
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.3363864 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.110558674 = weight(abstract_txt:thesaurus in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.110558674 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27369237 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.11972 = boost
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.40395233 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
         0.33144102 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptors in 2871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.33144102 = score(doc=2871,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6365722 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6295295 = boost
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.5206652 = fieldWeight in 2871, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2871)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

3. Bastos Vieira, S.; DeBrito, M.; Mustafa El Hadi, W.; Zumer, M.: Developing imaged KOS with the FRSAD Model : a conceptual methodology (2016) 0.30

   0.30367085 = sum of:
     0.30367085 = product of:
       0.7591771 = sum of:
         0.017732183 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017732183 = score(doc=4109,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.075508684 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0363649 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.23483633 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.015575868 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015575868 = score(doc=4109,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.051028207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.204854 = boost
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.30524036 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.029781377 = weight(abstract_txt:training in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029781377 = score(doc=4109,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10668875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2318947 = boost
               5.104322 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.27914262 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.104322 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.016946977 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016946977 = score(doc=4109,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09230537 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6204766 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.18359688 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.017183939 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017183939 = score(doc=4109,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09316382 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6279944 = boost
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.18444863 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.372775 = idf(docFreq=4140, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.0505616 = weight(abstract_txt:specific in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0505616 = score(doc=4109,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1518341 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0783272 = boost
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.33300555 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.0839447 = weight(abstract_txt:multilingual in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0839447 = score(doc=4109,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24369581 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2802577 = boost
               6.2987905 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.3444651 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2987905 = idf(docFreq=221, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.1219495 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1219495 = score(doc=4109,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.19374156 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6247966 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.6294442 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.07739107 = weight(abstract_txt:thesaurus in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07739107 = score(doc=4109,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27369237 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.11972 = boost
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.28276664 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
         0.32810983 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptors in 4109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32810983 = score(doc=4109,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.6365722 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6295295 = boost
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.51543224 = fieldWeight in 4109, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4109)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

4. Ahmed, M.: Automatic indexing for agriculture : designing a framework by deploying Agrovoc, Agris and Annif (2023) 0.29

   0.29276943 = sum of:
     0.29276943 = product of:
       0.8132484 = sum of:
         0.02026535 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02026535 = score(doc=2026,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.075508684 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0363649 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.26838437 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.0067703356 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0067703356 = score(doc=2026,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.045804795 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1415232 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.14780845 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.068071716 = weight(abstract_txt:training in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068071716 = score(doc=2026,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.10668875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2318947 = boost
               5.104322 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.63804024 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.104322 = idf(docFreq=732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.04661398 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04661398 = score(doc=2026,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.10443072 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4927052 = boost
               4.123322 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.4463627 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.123322 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.10621012 = weight(abstract_txt:manually in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10621012 = score(doc=2026,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18082623 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6037807 = boost
               6.6452217 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.58736014 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.6452217 = idf(docFreq=156, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.027390452 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027390452 = score(doc=2026,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09230537 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6204766 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.29673737 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.07449686 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07449686 = score(doc=2026,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19374156 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6247966 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.38451666 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.08844694 = weight(abstract_txt:thesaurus in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08844694 = score(doc=2026,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27369237 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.11972 = boost
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.32316187 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
         0.37498266 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptors in 2026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.37498266 = score(doc=2026,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.6365722 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6295295 = boost
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.58906543 = fieldWeight in 2026, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2026)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

5. Wang, J.: Automatic thesaurus development : term extraction from title metadata (2006) 0.28

   0.27564672 = sum of:
     0.27564672 = product of:
       0.7656853 = sum of:
         0.02216321 = weight(abstract_txt:records in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02216321 = score(doc=63,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08015229 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0677565 = boost
               4.42422 = idf(docFreq=1446, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.27651376 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.42422 = idf(docFreq=1446, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.0067703356 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0067703356 = score(doc=63,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.045804795 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1415232 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.14780845 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.01378859 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01378859 = score(doc=63,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.051028207 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.204854 = boost
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.27021506 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.044973202 = weight(abstract_txt:automated in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044973202 = score(doc=63,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12846851 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3518006 = boost
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.3500718 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.057863045 = weight(abstract_txt:corpus in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057863045 = score(doc=63,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15197134 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4702632 = boost
               6.0919957 = idf(docFreq=272, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.38074973 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0919957 = idf(docFreq=272, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.027390452 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027390452 = score(doc=63,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09230537 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6204766 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.29673737 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.04085994 = weight(abstract_txt:specific in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04085994 = score(doc=63,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1518341 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0783272 = boost
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.26910913 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.17689388 = weight(abstract_txt:thesaurus in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17689388 = score(doc=63,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.27369237 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.11972 = boost
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.64632374 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.17059 = idf(docFreq=685, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
         0.37498266 = weight(abstract_txt:descriptors in 63) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.37498266 = score(doc=63,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.6365722 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.6295295 = boost
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016967075 = queryNorm
             0.58906543 = fieldWeight in 63, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.664515 = idf(docFreq=153, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=63)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)