Document (#18532)

Author

Grinberg, M.

Title

Fees for reference services in university libraries in Israel

Source

Information and librarianship. 23(1997) no.1, S.3-12

Year

1997

Abstract

Reports results of a survey concerning the issue of fees for reference services in university libraries in Israel where 51,9% of the participating libraries were found to charge for some of their reference services. Out of the libraries providing the specific service, 90,9% charge for online searches, 28,6% and 9,8% charge for mediated and end user CD-ROM searches respectively. Comparing these results with the current situation in the USA it was found that fewer libraries abroad charge for online searches and mostly none for CD-ROM searches. The study also investigated the attitude of university libraries towards outside users. Lists some alternative financial solutions for providing modern reference services in spite of their increasing cost. Recommends modification of the present definition of basic reference services versus specialized reference services

Theme

Informationsdienstleistungen

Location

Israel

Similar documents (content)

1. Shirley, B.: State library survey online search services (1993) 0.33

   0.32760233 = sum of:
     0.32760233 = product of:
       1.1700083 = sum of:
         0.017817508 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017817508 = score(doc=8365,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06223488 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0975734 = boost
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.28629458 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
         0.043190002 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043190002 = score(doc=8365,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11230299 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4743897 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.3845846 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
         0.103536576 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.103536576 = score(doc=8365,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25343993 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1323419 = boost
               5.229121 = idf(docFreq=646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.4085251 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.229121 = idf(docFreq=646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
         0.14422986 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14422986 = score(doc=8365,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.19914189 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4006236 = boost
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.72425675 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
         0.13920088 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13920088 = score(doc=8365,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.24503636 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.772181 = boost
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.5680826 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
         0.09669428 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09669428 = score(doc=8365,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27718952 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.012044 = boost
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.34883815 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
         0.6253392 = weight(abstract_txt:charge in 8365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6253392 = score(doc=8365,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.5295045 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.527583 = boost
               7.558333 = idf(docFreq=62, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             1.1809895 = fieldWeight in 8365, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.558333 = idf(docFreq=62, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8365)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Hewett, S.: ¬The future for mediated online search services in an academic institution : a case study (1997) 0.16

   0.1619809 = sum of:
     0.1619809 = product of:
       0.5785032 = sum of:
         0.06049138 = weight(abstract_txt:mediated in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06049138 = score(doc=1625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11158047 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0391918 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.5421323 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
         0.015240817 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015240817 = score(doc=1625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.056080002 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.041887 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.2717692 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
         0.025197763 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025197763 = score(doc=1625,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06223488 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0975734 = boost
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.4048817 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
         0.05965347 = weight(abstract_txt:university in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05965347 = score(doc=1625,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12654552 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.916839 = boost
               4.2666197 = idf(docFreq=1693, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.4713993 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2666197 = idf(docFreq=1693, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
         0.17933059 = weight(abstract_txt:searches in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17933059 = score(doc=1625,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.25343993 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1323419 = boost
               5.229121 = idf(docFreq=646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.70758617 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.229121 = idf(docFreq=646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
         0.05888159 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05888159 = score(doc=1625,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19914189 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4006236 = boost
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.29567656 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
         0.17970759 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 1625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17970759 = score(doc=1625,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.24503636 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.772181 = boost
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.7333915 = fieldWeight in 1625, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1625)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Chowdhury, G.G.: Digital libraries and reference services : present and future (2002) 0.14

   0.14127396 = sum of:
     0.14127396 = product of:
       0.5886415 = sum of:
         0.0142540075 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0142540075 = score(doc=5466,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06223488 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0975734 = boost
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.22903568 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
         0.020390127 = weight(abstract_txt:some in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020390127 = score(doc=5466,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.062711306 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1017665 = boost
               3.6785707 = idf(docFreq=3049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.32514277 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6785707 = idf(docFreq=3049, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
         0.034552 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034552 = score(doc=5466,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11230299 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4743897 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.30766767 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
         0.13323383 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13323383 = score(doc=5466,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.19914189 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4006236 = boost
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.66903967 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
         0.21323955 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21323955 = score(doc=5466,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.24503636 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.772181 = boost
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.87023634 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
         0.172972 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.172972 = score(doc=5466,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.27718952 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.012044 = boost
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.6240207 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Kenney, A.R.; McGovern, N.Y.; Martinez, I.T.; Heidig, L.J.: Google meets eBay : what academic librarians can learn from alternative information providers (2003) 0.13

   0.13157445 = sum of:
     0.13157445 = product of:
       0.46990874 = sum of:
         0.00914449 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.00914449 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.056080002 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.041887 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.16306151 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
         0.010690506 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010690506 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06223488 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0975734 = boost
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.17177676 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
         0.025913998 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025913998 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11230299 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4743897 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.23075075 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
         0.025308825 = weight(abstract_txt:university in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025308825 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12654552 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.916839 = boost
               4.2666197 = idf(docFreq=1693, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.1999978 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2666197 = idf(docFreq=1693, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
         0.07899794 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07899794 = score(doc=2200,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.19914189 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4006236 = boost
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.39669174 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
         0.13638847 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13638847 = score(doc=2200,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.24503636 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.772181 = boost
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.556605 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
         0.1834645 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1834645 = score(doc=2200,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.27718952 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.012044 = boost
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.6618739 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Bluming, A.; Mittelman, P.S.: Los Angeles Free-Net : an experiment in interactive telecommunication between lay members of the Los Angeles community and health care experts (1996) 0.13

   0.13145687 = sum of:
     0.13145687 = product of:
       0.54773694 = sum of:
         0.057583503 = weight(abstract_txt:financial in 3798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057583503 = score(doc=3798,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10797534 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.022266 = boost
               6.82627 = idf(docFreq=130, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.53330237 = fieldWeight in 3798, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.82627 = idf(docFreq=130, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3798)
         0.02155377 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02155377 = score(doc=3798,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.056080002 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.041887 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.38433966 = fieldWeight in 3798, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3798)
         0.0323724 = weight(abstract_txt:found in 3798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0323724 = score(doc=3798,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.092665724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3392948 = boost
               4.4716287 = idf(docFreq=1379, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.34934598 = fieldWeight in 3798, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4716287 = idf(docFreq=1379, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3798)
         0.043190002 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 3798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043190002 = score(doc=3798,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11230299 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4743897 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.3845846 = fieldWeight in 3798, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3798)
         0.08036767 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 3798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08036767 = score(doc=3798,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24503636 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.772181 = boost
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.32798263 = fieldWeight in 3798, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3798)
         0.3126696 = weight(abstract_txt:charge in 3798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3126696 = score(doc=3798,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5295045 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.527583 = boost
               7.558333 = idf(docFreq=62, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015473095 = queryNorm
             0.59049475 = fieldWeight in 3798, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.558333 = idf(docFreq=62, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3798)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)