Document (#13084)

Author

Elzy, C.
Nourie, A.
Lancaster, F.W.
Joseph, K.M.

Title

Evaluating reference service in a large academic library

Source

College and research libraries. 52(1991) no.5, S.454-465

Year

1991

Abstract

Reports an unobtrusive study of the ability of professional librarians to deal with factual questions conducted at the Milner Library, Illinois State University. Standards were recruited to pose questions for which answers were known, to 19 librarians in 5 departments. In all, 190 test incidents (10 questions for each of the 19 librarians) were used. Librarians were evaluated on the accuracy of the responses given and on their responsiveness and helpfulness, as judged by the student proxies. Describes the methods used in the study, including the accuracy and attitude scales developed, presents the major results, and makes suggestions on the follow-up action that seems appropriate after a study of this kind has been performed

Theme

Informationsdienstleistungen

Similar documents (author)

1. Lancaster, F.W.: Vocabulary control in information retrieval systems (1977) 4.93

   4.934253 = sum of:
     4.934253 = weight(author_txt:lancaster in 1773) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.934253 = fieldWeight in 1773, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1773)
   

2. Lancaster, F.W.: Toward paperless information systems (1978) 4.93

   4.934253 = sum of:
     4.934253 = weight(author_txt:lancaster in 3355) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.934253 = fieldWeight in 3355, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3355)
   

3. Lancaster, F.W.: Libraries and librarians in an age of electronics (1982) 4.93

   4.934253 = sum of:
     4.934253 = weight(author_txt:lancaster in 6183) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.934253 = fieldWeight in 6183, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6183)
   

4. Lancaster, F.W.: Librarians, technology and mediocrity (1993) 4.93

   4.934253 = sum of:
     4.934253 = weight(author_txt:lancaster in 7005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.934253 = fieldWeight in 7005, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7005)
   

5. Lancaster, F.W.: Information retrieval systems : characteristics, testing and evaluation (1979) 4.93

   4.934253 = sum of:
     4.934253 = weight(author_txt:lancaster in 7269) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.934253 = fieldWeight in 7269, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7269)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Shachaf, P.: ¬The paradox of expertise : is the Wikipedia Reference Desk as good as your library? (2009) 0.20

   0.19905122 = sum of:
     0.19905122 = product of:
       0.6220351 = sum of:
         0.07166002 = weight(abstract_txt:answers in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07166002 = score(doc=604,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12944122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0020733 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.5536105 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.023165468 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023165468 = score(doc=604,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06710604 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0203731 = boost
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.34520692 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.055862326 = weight(abstract_txt:responses in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055862326 = score(doc=604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13813719 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0351863 = boost
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.40439743 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.15000588 = weight(abstract_txt:responsiveness in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15000588 = score(doc=604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2668723 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.438848 = boost
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.5620886 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.04268384 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04268384 = score(doc=604,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11545346 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6391824 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.36970603 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.08710982 = weight(abstract_txt:accuracy in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08710982 = score(doc=604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23403782 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9055538 = boost
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.37220404 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.07201013 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07201013 = score(doc=604,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2359758 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.34346 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.30515897 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
         0.119537674 = weight(abstract_txt:librarians in 604) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.119537674 = score(doc=604,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.28900886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9946687 = boost
               4.679491 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.41361248 = fieldWeight in 604, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.679491 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=604)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Cloughley, K.: Digital reference services : how do the library-based services compare with the expert services? (2004) 0.15

   0.14981566 = sum of:
     0.14981566 = product of:
       0.62423193 = sum of:
         0.08957502 = weight(abstract_txt:answers in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08957502 = score(doc=5759,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12944122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0020733 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.69201314 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
         0.109264284 = weight(abstract_txt:factual in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.109264284 = score(doc=5759,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18618447 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2018075 = boost
               7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.58686036 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
         0.04356401 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04356401 = score(doc=5759,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11545346 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6391824 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.37732962 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
         0.15398987 = weight(abstract_txt:accuracy in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15398987 = score(doc=5759,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23403782 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9055538 = boost
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.65797 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
         0.15590651 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15590651 = score(doc=5759,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.2359758 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.34346 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.6606886 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
         0.071932286 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.071932286 = score(doc=5759,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17752132 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.347029 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.40520364 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Toms, E.G.; Kinnucan, M.T.: ¬The effectiveness of the electronic city metaphor for organizing the menus of free-nets (1996) 0.13

   0.12960172 = sum of:
     0.12960172 = product of:
       0.46286327 = sum of:
         0.07166002 = weight(abstract_txt:answers in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07166002 = score(doc=6573,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12944122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0020733 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.5536105 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
         0.055587247 = weight(abstract_txt:student in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055587247 = score(doc=6573,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13768335 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0334843 = boost
               6.4597206 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.40373254 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4597206 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
         0.041289978 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041289978 = score(doc=6573,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.074376956 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0742303 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.5551448 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
         0.087411426 = weight(abstract_txt:factual in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.087411426 = score(doc=6573,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18618447 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2018075 = boost
               7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.4694883 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
         0.024643527 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024643527 = score(doc=6573,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11545346 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6391824 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.21344988 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
         0.124725215 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.124725215 = score(doc=6573,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.2359758 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.34346 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.52855086 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
         0.057545826 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 6573) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.057545826 = score(doc=6573,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17752132 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.347029 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.3241629 = fieldWeight in 6573, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6573)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Havener, W.M.: Answering ready reference questions : print versus online (1990) 0.13

   0.12834847 = sum of:
     0.12834847 = product of:
       0.64174235 = sum of:
         0.06333911 = weight(abstract_txt:answers in 2937) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06333911 = score(doc=2937,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12944122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0020733 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.4893272 = fieldWeight in 2937, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2937)
         0.109264284 = weight(abstract_txt:factual in 2937) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.109264284 = score(doc=2937,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18618447 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2018075 = boost
               7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.58686036 = fieldWeight in 2937, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2937)
         0.10888728 = weight(abstract_txt:accuracy in 2937) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10888728 = score(doc=2937,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23403782 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9055538 = boost
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.46525505 = fieldWeight in 2937, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2937)
         0.25459427 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 2937) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25459427 = score(doc=2937,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.2359758 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.34346 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             1.0788999 = fieldWeight in 2937, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2937)
         0.10565737 = weight(abstract_txt:librarians in 2937) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10565737 = score(doc=2937,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.28900886 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9946687 = boost
               4.679491 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.36558524 = fieldWeight in 2937, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.679491 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2937)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Frické, M.; Fallis, D.: Indicators of accuracy for answers to ready reference questions an the Internet (2004) 0.13

   0.12703831 = sum of:
     0.12703831 = product of:
       0.5293263 = sum of:
         0.06333911 = weight(abstract_txt:answers in 3220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06333911 = score(doc=3220,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12944122 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0020733 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.4893272 = fieldWeight in 3220, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3220)
         0.027588028 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 3220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027588028 = score(doc=3220,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.074376956 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0742303 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.37092173 = fieldWeight in 3220, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3220)
         0.030804409 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 3220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030804409 = score(doc=3220,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11545346 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6391824 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.26681235 = fieldWeight in 3220, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3220)
         0.26671827 = weight(abstract_txt:accuracy in 3220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26671827 = score(doc=3220,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.23403782 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9055538 = boost
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             1.1396375 = fieldWeight in 3220, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3220)
         0.09001267 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 3220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09001267 = score(doc=3220,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2359758 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.34346 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.38144872 = fieldWeight in 3220, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3220)
         0.050863806 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 3220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050863806 = score(doc=3220,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17752132 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.347029 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.020623567 = queryNorm
             0.28652224 = fieldWeight in 3220, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3220)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)