Document (#10583)

Author
Smith, D.E.
Title
Reference expert systems : humanizing depersonalized service
Source
Reference librarian. 1989, no.23, S.177-190
Year
1989
Abstract
The delivery of library reference service can be practically supplemented through the appropriate incorporation and use of software tools commonly reffered to an expert system. The level of support such systems can affort the reference service organisation is dependent on the degree of complexity characteristic of the rule-based programming techniques used to develop a particular system and the size of its knowledge data base. Since most expert systems are designed to simulate the process of problem-solving practiced by an expert in a given field, an expert system designed to fully emulate library reference work must have the potential to respond to a wide subject range of questions with varying degrees of response adequacy. Describes a microcomputer-based reference expert-type system.
Theme
Informationsdienstleistungen

Similar documents (author)

  1. Smith, M.P.; Smith, M.: ¬The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback (1997) 4.56
    4.564473 = sum of:
      4.564473 = weight(author_txt:smith in 761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.564473 = fieldWeight in 761, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=761)
    
  2. Smith, E.H.: Enhancing subject accessibiliy to the online catalog (1991) 4.03
    4.0344625 = sum of:
      4.0344625 = weight(author_txt:smith in 1069) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.0344625 = fieldWeight in 1069, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1069)
    
  3. Smith, L.C.: UNISIST revisited: campatibility in the context of collaboratories (1992) 4.03
    4.0344625 = sum of:
      4.0344625 = weight(author_txt:smith in 2113) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.0344625 = fieldWeight in 2113, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2113)
    
  4. Smith, M.M.: Knowledge management : a guide to resources on the Internet (2004) 4.03
    4.0344625 = sum of:
      4.0344625 = weight(author_txt:smith in 2805) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.0344625 = fieldWeight in 2805, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2805)
    
  5. Smith, L.C.: Citation analysis (1981) 4.03
    4.0344625 = sum of:
      4.0344625 = weight(author_txt:smith in 2833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.0344625 = fieldWeight in 2833, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          6.45514 = idf(docFreq=188, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2833)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Parrott, R.: Simulation of the reference process : Part 2: REFSIM, an implementation with expert and ICAI modes (1989) 0.26
    0.2604526 = sum of:
      0.2604526 = product of:
        1.0852191 = sum of:
          0.01782715 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 1514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01782715 = score(doc=1514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05967149 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0154684 = boost
                3.1867187 = idf(docFreq=4964, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.29875487 = fieldWeight in 1514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1867187 = idf(docFreq=4964, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1514)
          0.18144767 = weight(abstract_txt:simulate in 1514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18144767 = score(doc=1514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22243506 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3863394 = boost
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.81573325 = fieldWeight in 1514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1514)
          0.03281879 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03281879 = score(doc=1514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10260246 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6308254 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.3198636 = fieldWeight in 1514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1514)
          0.0731852 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0731852 = score(doc=1514,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.13364848 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1492155 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.54759467 = fieldWeight in 1514, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1514)
          0.24480297 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 1514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24480297 = score(doc=1514,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.2925612 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.555178 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.83675814 = fieldWeight in 1514, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1514)
          0.5351374 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 1514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.5351374 = score(doc=1514,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.57635385 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.4662333 = boost
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.92848766 = fieldWeight in 1514, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1514)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Rashid, A.: Library and information applications of knowledge based systems (1995) 0.23
    0.22637686 = sum of:
      0.22637686 = product of:
        0.94323695 = sum of:
          0.029413294 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 4350) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029413294 = score(doc=4350,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.05967149 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0154684 = boost
                3.1867187 = idf(docFreq=4964, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.49292037 = fieldWeight in 4350, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1867187 = idf(docFreq=4964, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4350)
          0.020822022 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4350) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020822022 = score(doc=4350,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05971678 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0158536 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.3486796 = fieldWeight in 4350, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4350)
          0.07657718 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 4350) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07657718 = score(doc=4350,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.10260246 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6308254 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.7463484 = fieldWeight in 4350, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4350)
          0.049295742 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 4350) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.049295742 = score(doc=4350,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13364848 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1492155 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.36884624 = fieldWeight in 4350, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4350)
          0.14280173 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 4350) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14280173 = score(doc=4350,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2925612 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.555178 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.4881089 = fieldWeight in 4350, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4350)
          0.624327 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 4350) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.624327 = score(doc=4350,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.57635385 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.4662333 = boost
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              1.0832356 = fieldWeight in 4350, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4350)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. Li, L.X.; Xu, L.D.: Knowledge-based problem solving (2002) 0.21
    0.20890732 = sum of:
      0.20890732 = product of:
        0.74609756 = sum of:
          0.039724596 = weight(abstract_txt:commonly in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039724596 = score(doc=4259,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11573483 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.2763524 = idf(docFreq=225, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.34323803 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.2763524 = idf(docFreq=225, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
          0.031233037 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031233037 = score(doc=4259,freq=9.0), product of:
              0.05971678 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0158536 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.52301943 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                  9.0 = termFreq=9.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
          0.13505423 = weight(abstract_txt:solving in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13505423 = score(doc=4259,freq=9.0), product of:
              0.1258005 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0425794 = boost
                6.543596 = idf(docFreq=172, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              1.0735587 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                  9.0 = termFreq=9.0
                6.543596 = idf(docFreq=172, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
          0.11669388 = weight(abstract_txt:emulate in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11669388 = score(doc=4259,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.23738676 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4321754 = boost
                8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.49157703 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.988837 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
          0.03828859 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03828859 = score(doc=4259,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.10260246 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6308254 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.3731742 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
          0.024647871 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024647871 = score(doc=4259,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13364848 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1492155 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.18442312 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
          0.36045536 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 4259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.36045536 = score(doc=4259,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.57635385 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.4662333 = boost
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.6254064 = fieldWeight in 4259, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4259)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  4. Singh, D.K.; Singh, B.K.; Dubey, Y.P.: Expert systems and their application in library and information systems (1996) 0.21
    0.20583165 = sum of:
      0.20583165 = product of:
        1.0291582 = sum of:
          0.029413294 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029413294 = score(doc=676,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.05967149 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0154684 = boost
                3.1867187 = idf(docFreq=4964, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.49292037 = fieldWeight in 676, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1867187 = idf(docFreq=4964, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=676)
          0.06631778 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06631778 = score(doc=676,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.10260246 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6308254 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.64635664 = fieldWeight in 676, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=676)
          0.06971471 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06971471 = score(doc=676,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13364848 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1492155 = boost
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.52162737 = fieldWeight in 676, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=676)
          0.14280173 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14280173 = score(doc=676,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2925612 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.555178 = boost
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.4881089 = fieldWeight in 676, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=676)
          0.7209107 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.7209107 = score(doc=676,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.57635385 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.4662333 = boost
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              1.2508128 = fieldWeight in 676, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=676)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Ignizio, J.P.: ¬An Introduction to expert systems : the development and implementation of rule-based expert systems (1991) 0.21
    0.2051919 = sum of:
      0.2051919 = product of:
        1.0259595 = sum of:
          0.025240103 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1710) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025240103 = score(doc=1710,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.05971678 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0158536 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.42266348 = fieldWeight in 1710, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1710)
          0.08773227 = weight(abstract_txt:programming in 1710) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08773227 = score(doc=1710,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13702776 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0881085 = boost
                6.829353 = idf(docFreq=129, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.6402518 = fieldWeight in 1710, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.829353 = idf(docFreq=129, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1710)
          0.13529722 = weight(abstract_txt:microcomputer in 1710) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13529722 = score(doc=1710,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1829061 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2571354 = boost
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.7397086 = fieldWeight in 1710, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1710)
          0.086830355 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1710) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.086830355 = score(doc=1710,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.10260246 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6308254 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              0.8462795 = fieldWeight in 1710, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1710)
          0.69085956 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 1710) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.69085956 = score(doc=1710,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.57635385 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.4662333 = boost
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018439824 = queryNorm
              1.1986725 = fieldWeight in 1710, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1710)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)