Document (#9856)

Author

Alagar, V.S.
Kourkopoulos

Title

¬(¬In)completeness in specifications

Source

Information and software technology. 36(1994) no.6, S.331-342

Year

1994

Abstract

Completeness is usually listed as a desirable attribute, incompleteness as a reason for the failure of software to satisfy its intended requirements. Unfortunately, these terms are rarely given anything but intuitive definitions, making it unclear how to achieve the former, or alternatively, avoid the latter. Examines the option of (in)completeness in specifications from a number of perspectives, and then introduces a pragmatic definition of incompleteness: a classification based on its potential sources. Completeness, though needed to properly reason about, and capture the behaviour of, the system, is undesirable in some cases

Similar documents (content)

1. Gillman, P.: Assessing database quality (1995) 0.07

   0.06565932 = sum of:
     0.06565932 = product of:
       0.82074153 = sum of:
         0.10223054 = weight(abstract_txt:latter in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10223054 = score(doc=4153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10161486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0530826 = boost
               6.4387774 = idf(docFreq=192, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             1.0060589 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4387774 = idf(docFreq=192, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
         0.718511 = weight(abstract_txt:completeness in 4153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.718511 = score(doc=4153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.591851 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.0829988 = boost
               7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             1.2140065 = fieldWeight in 4153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=4153)
       0.08 = coord(2/25)
   

2. Haslhofer, B.: ¬A Web-based mapping technique for establishing metadata interoperability (2008) 0.05

   0.046176385 = sum of:
     0.046176385 = product of:
       0.23088193 = sum of:
         0.025557635 = weight(abstract_txt:latter in 160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025557635 = score(doc=160,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10161486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0530826 = boost
               6.4387774 = idf(docFreq=192, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.25151473 = fieldWeight in 160, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4387774 = idf(docFreq=192, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=160)
         0.03005436 = weight(abstract_txt:former in 160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03005436 = score(doc=160,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11320921 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1115389 = boost
               6.7961926 = idf(docFreq=134, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.2654763 = fieldWeight in 160, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.7961926 = idf(docFreq=134, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=160)
         0.03351329 = weight(abstract_txt:rarely in 160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03351329 = score(doc=160,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12173668 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1526423 = boost
               7.0475073 = idf(docFreq=104, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.27529326 = fieldWeight in 160, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.0475073 = idf(docFreq=104, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=160)
         0.0433047 = weight(abstract_txt:unclear in 160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0433047 = score(doc=160,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14442204 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2554532 = boost
               7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.2998483 = fieldWeight in 160, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=160)
         0.09845194 = weight(abstract_txt:specifications in 160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09845194 = score(doc=160,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.24970447 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.334597 = boost
               7.1371193 = idf(docFreq=95, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.39427385 = fieldWeight in 160, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.1371193 = idf(docFreq=95, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=160)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Lopatenko, A.; Asserson, A.; Jeffery, K.G.: CERIF - Information retrieval of research information in a distributed heterogeneous environment (2002) 0.05

   0.046007246 = sum of:
     0.046007246 = product of:
       0.5750906 = sum of:
         0.06702658 = weight(abstract_txt:rarely in 4597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06702658 = score(doc=4597,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12173668 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1526423 = boost
               7.0475073 = idf(docFreq=104, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.5505865 = fieldWeight in 4597, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.0475073 = idf(docFreq=104, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4597)
         0.50806403 = weight(abstract_txt:completeness in 4597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.50806403 = score(doc=4597,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.591851 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.0829988 = boost
               7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.8584323 = fieldWeight in 4597, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4597)
       0.08 = coord(2/25)
   

4. Milstead, J.L.: Specifications for thesaurus software (1991) 0.04

   0.04004441 = sum of:
     0.04004441 = product of:
       0.3337034 = sum of:
         0.061323076 = weight(abstract_txt:avoid in 2290) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061323076 = score(doc=2290,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.114728875 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1189744 = boost
               6.8416553 = idf(docFreq=128, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.5345043 = fieldWeight in 2290, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.8416553 = idf(docFreq=128, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2290)
         0.07547642 = weight(abstract_txt:desirable in 2290) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07547642 = score(doc=2290,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13176426 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1991751 = boost
               7.33202 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.57281405 = fieldWeight in 2290, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.33202 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2290)
         0.19690388 = weight(abstract_txt:specifications in 2290) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19690388 = score(doc=2290,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.24970447 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.334597 = boost
               7.1371193 = idf(docFreq=95, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.7885477 = fieldWeight in 2290, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.1371193 = idf(docFreq=95, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2290)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

5. Silva, N.; Rocha, J.: Merging ontologies using a bottom-up lexical and structural approach (2003) 0.04

   0.03849344 = sum of:
     0.03849344 = product of:
       0.32077867 = sum of:
         0.06648967 = weight(abstract_txt:satisfy in 3685) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06648967 = score(doc=3685,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1210857 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1495563 = boost
               7.028639 = idf(docFreq=106, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.54911244 = fieldWeight in 3685, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.028639 = idf(docFreq=106, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3685)
         0.11505692 = weight(abstract_txt:reason in 3685) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11505692 = score(doc=3685,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21989158 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1908019 = boost
               6.697521 = idf(docFreq=148, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.52324384 = fieldWeight in 3685, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.697521 = idf(docFreq=148, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3685)
         0.13923207 = weight(abstract_txt:specifications in 3685) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13923207 = score(doc=3685,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24970447 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.334597 = boost
               7.1371193 = idf(docFreq=95, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014986196 = queryNorm
             0.55758744 = fieldWeight in 3685, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.1371193 = idf(docFreq=95, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3685)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)