Document (#8259)

Author

Fidel, R.

Title

User-centered indexing

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.8, S.572-576

Year

1994

Abstract

Two distinct approaches describe the process of indexing. The document-oriented approach claims that indexing summarizes or represents the content of a document. The user-oriented approach requires that indexing reflect the requests for which a document might be relevant. Most indexing, in practice as well as in theory, subscribe to both, but the document-oriented approach has enjoyed most viability. While request-oriented indexing is a user-centered approach, it is very difficult to implement with human, a priori indexing. Automated indexing with its dynamic and flexible nature is most fit to tailor indexing to requirements of individual users and requests, yet most of current research in the area focuses on the development of global methods. Regardless of the method, user-centered indexing cannot be developed before searching behavior is understood better

Similar documents (author)

1. Fidel, R.: Writing abstracts for free-text searching (1986) 5.30

   5.3016195 = sum of:
     5.3016195 = weight(author_txt:fidel in 683) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.3016195 = fieldWeight in 683, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=683)
   

2. Fidel, R.: Online searching styles : a case-study-based model of searching behavior (1984) 5.30

   5.3016195 = sum of:
     5.3016195 = weight(author_txt:fidel in 1658) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.3016195 = fieldWeight in 1658, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1658)
   

3. Fidel, R.: Thesaurus requirements for an intermediary expert system (1992) 5.30

   5.3016195 = sum of:
     5.3016195 = weight(author_txt:fidel in 2102) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.3016195 = fieldWeight in 2102, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2102)
   

4. Fidel, R.: Online searching styles (1990) 5.30

   5.3016195 = sum of:
     5.3016195 = weight(author_txt:fidel in 2678) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.3016195 = fieldWeight in 2678, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2678)
   

5. Fidel, R.: Who needs controlled vocabulary? (1992) 5.30

   5.3016195 = sum of:
     5.3016195 = weight(author_txt:fidel in 2692) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.3016195 = fieldWeight in 2692, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2692)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Sigel, A.: How can user-oriented depth analysis be constructively guided? (2000) 0.22

   0.2166338 = sum of:
     0.2166338 = product of:
       0.6769806 = sum of:
         0.02186577 = weight(abstract_txt:cannot in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02186577 = score(doc=1133,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09399477 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0331949 = boost
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.23262753 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9552646 = idf(docFreq=312, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.03459453 = weight(abstract_txt:request in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03459453 = score(doc=1133,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12762393 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2039168 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.27106616 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.06608994 = weight(abstract_txt:tailor in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06608994 = score(doc=1133,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19649467 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4938459 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.33634472 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.041304987 = weight(abstract_txt:user in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041304987 = score(doc=1133,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.14363562 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5544152 = boost
               3.6808684 = idf(docFreq=3042, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.28756785 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.6808684 = idf(docFreq=3042, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.025372542 = weight(abstract_txt:most in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025372542 = score(doc=1133,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16476178 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7358272 = boost
               3.94228 = idf(docFreq=2342, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.15399532 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.94228 = idf(docFreq=2342, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.032790888 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032790888 = score(doc=1133,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19548613 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9800146 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.16774023 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.124845095 = weight(abstract_txt:oriented in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.124845095 = score(doc=1133,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.330487 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8746958 = boost
               5.58337 = idf(docFreq=453, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.37776098 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.58337 = idf(docFreq=453, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
         0.33011687 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 1133) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.33011687 = score(doc=1133,freq=15.0), product of:
             0.5015819 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.547469 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.65815145 = fieldWeight in 1133, product of:
               3.8729835 = tf(freq=15.0), with freq of:
                 15.0 = termFreq=15.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1133)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Mai, J.-E.: Analysis in indexing : document and domain centered approaches (2005) 0.17

   0.16831616 = sum of:
     0.16831616 = product of:
       1.051976 = sum of:
         0.10622836 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 2024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10622836 = score(doc=2024,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.1483783 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5962446 = boost
               3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.7159292 = fieldWeight in 2024, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2024)
         0.09274664 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09274664 = score(doc=2024,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19548613 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9800146 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.47444102 = fieldWeight in 2024, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2024)
         0.40197563 = weight(abstract_txt:centered in 2024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.40197563 = score(doc=2024,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.37473774 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.573179 = boost
               6.8651857 = idf(docFreq=125, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             1.0726852 = fieldWeight in 2024, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.8651857 = idf(docFreq=125, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2024)
         0.45102543 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 2024) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.45102543 = score(doc=2024,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.5015819 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.547469 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.8992059 = fieldWeight in 2024, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2024)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Berry, M.W.; Dumais, S.T.; O'Brien, G.W.: Using linear algebra for intelligent information retrieval (1995) 0.15

   0.1474151 = sum of:
     0.1474151 = product of:
       0.6142296 = sum of:
         0.050983034 = weight(abstract_txt:represents in 3206) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050983034 = score(doc=3206,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10411763 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0874081 = boost
               6.2677455 = idf(docFreq=228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.48966762 = fieldWeight in 3206, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2677455 = idf(docFreq=228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3206)
         0.1373666 = weight(abstract_txt:requests in 3206) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1373666 = score(doc=3206,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25400245 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4019523 = boost
               6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.54080814 = fieldWeight in 3206, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3206)
         0.041304987 = weight(abstract_txt:user in 3206) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041304987 = score(doc=3206,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14363562 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5544152 = boost
               3.6808684 = idf(docFreq=3042, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.28756785 = fieldWeight in 3206, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6808684 = idf(docFreq=3042, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3206)
         0.050745085 = weight(abstract_txt:most in 3206) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050745085 = score(doc=3206,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16476178 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7358272 = boost
               3.94228 = idf(docFreq=2342, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.30799064 = fieldWeight in 3206, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.94228 = idf(docFreq=2342, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3206)
         0.09274664 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3206) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09274664 = score(doc=3206,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19548613 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9800146 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.47444102 = fieldWeight in 3206, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3206)
         0.24108325 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 3206) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24108325 = score(doc=3206,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5015819 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.547469 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.48064584 = fieldWeight in 3206, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3206)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Biagetti, M.T.: Indexing and scientific research needs (2006) 0.14

   0.13789931 = sum of:
     0.13789931 = product of:
       0.8618707 = sum of:
         0.096864685 = weight(abstract_txt:request in 1235) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.096864685 = score(doc=1235,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12762393 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2039168 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.7589853 = fieldWeight in 1235, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1235)
         0.08586336 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 1235) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08586336 = score(doc=1235,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1483783 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5962446 = boost
               3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.57867867 = fieldWeight in 1235, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1235)
         0.20182218 = weight(abstract_txt:oriented in 1235) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20182218 = score(doc=1235,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.330487 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8746958 = boost
               5.58337 = idf(docFreq=453, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.6106811 = fieldWeight in 1235, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.58337 = idf(docFreq=453, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1235)
         0.4773205 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 1235) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4773205 = score(doc=1235,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.5015819 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.547469 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.9516302 = fieldWeight in 1235, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1235)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Hjoerland, B.: Table of contents (ToC) (2022) 0.13

   0.12702926 = sum of:
     0.12702926 = product of:
       0.63514626 = sum of:
         0.05768072 = weight(abstract_txt:represents in 2098) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05768072 = score(doc=2098,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10411763 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0874081 = boost
               6.2677455 = idf(docFreq=228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.55399567 = fieldWeight in 2098, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.2677455 = idf(docFreq=228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2098)
         0.07827848 = weight(abstract_txt:request in 2098) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07827848 = score(doc=2098,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12762393 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2039168 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.6133527 = fieldWeight in 2098, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2098)
         0.10493084 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2098) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10493084 = score(doc=2098,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19548613 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9800146 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.53676873 = fieldWeight in 2098, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2098)
         0.25787893 = weight(abstract_txt:oriented in 2098) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25787893 = score(doc=2098,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.330487 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8746958 = boost
               5.58337 = idf(docFreq=453, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.7802997 = fieldWeight in 2098, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.58337 = idf(docFreq=453, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2098)
         0.13637727 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 2098) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13637727 = score(doc=2098,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5015819 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.547469 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015276377 = queryNorm
             0.27189434 = fieldWeight in 2098, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2098)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)