Document (#8160)

Author
Robertson, S.E.
Title
Query-document symmetry and dual models
Source
Journal of documentation. 50(1994) no.3, S.233-238
Year
1994
Abstract
The idea that there is some natural symmetry between queries and documents is explained. If symmetry can be assumed, then it lead to a conception of 'dual' models in information retrieval (given a model, we can construct a dual model in which the roles of documents and queries are reversed). But symmetry breaks down in various ways, which may invalidate this construction. If we can construct a dual, it is not obvious that it can be combined with the original

Similar documents (author)

  1. Robertson, M.A.: Windows 3.0 for the online searcher (1991) 4.57
    4.5717874 = sum of:
      4.5717874 = weight(author_txt:robertson in 592) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.5717874 = score(doc=592,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.13670799 = queryNorm
          4.571788 = fieldWeight in 592, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=592)
    
  2. Robertson, S.E.: Some recent theories and models in information retrieval (1980) 4.57
    4.5717874 = sum of:
      4.5717874 = weight(author_txt:robertson in 1326) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.5717874 = score(doc=1326,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.13670799 = queryNorm
          4.571788 = fieldWeight in 1326, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1326)
    
  3. Robertson, S.E.: Theories and models in information retrieval (1977) 4.57
    4.5717874 = sum of:
      4.5717874 = weight(author_txt:robertson in 1844) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.5717874 = score(doc=1844,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.13670799 = queryNorm
          4.571788 = fieldWeight in 1844, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1844)
    
  4. Robertson, S.E.: On term selection for query expansion (1990) 4.57
    4.5717874 = sum of:
      4.5717874 = weight(author_txt:robertson in 2650) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.5717874 = score(doc=2650,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.13670799 = queryNorm
          4.571788 = fieldWeight in 2650, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2650)
    
  5. Robertson, S.E.: On relevance weight estimation and query expansion (1986) 4.57
    4.5717874 = sum of:
      4.5717874 = weight(author_txt:robertson in 3875) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.5717874 = score(doc=3875,freq=1.0), product of:
          0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.13670799 = queryNorm
          4.571788 = fieldWeight in 3875, product of:
            1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
              1.0 = termFreq=1.0
            7.314861 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44218)
            0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3875)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Egghe, L.; Rousseau, R.: Duality in information retrieval and the hypegeometric distribution (1997) 0.14
    0.14412542 = sum of:
      0.14412542 = product of:
        0.9007839 = sum of:
          0.0073148888 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 647) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0073148888 = score(doc=647,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.024697077 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.2961844 = fieldWeight in 647, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=647)
          0.054433946 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 647) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054433946 = score(doc=647,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07471543 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7393315 = boost
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.72855026 = fieldWeight in 647, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=647)
          0.07322227 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 647) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07322227 = score(doc=647,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11471033 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.155155 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.63832325 = fieldWeight in 647, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=647)
          0.76581275 = weight(abstract_txt:symmetry in 647) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.76581275 = score(doc=647,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.69119215 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.4815507 = boost
                8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              1.1079593 = fieldWeight in 647, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=647)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)
    
  2. Austin, D.; Sørensen, J.: PRECIS in a multilingual context : Pt.2: A linguistic and logical explanation of the syntax. (1976) 0.13
    0.1345616 = sum of:
      0.1345616 = product of:
        0.420505 = sum of:
          0.008178294 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008178294 = score(doc=981,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.024697077 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.3311442 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.018015658 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018015658 = score(doc=981,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05674799 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0718585 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.31746778 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.027166113 = weight(abstract_txt:idea in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027166113 = score(doc=981,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07462232 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2291266 = boost
                5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.3640481 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.0068218648 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0068218648 = score(doc=981,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.037422184 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2309539 = boost
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.18229467 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.03019892 = weight(abstract_txt:roles in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03019892 = score(doc=981,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.080077656 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2732624 = boost
                6.033927 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.37712044 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.033927 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.03851595 = weight(abstract_txt:explained in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03851595 = score(doc=981,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.094176844 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3808112 = boost
                6.543596 = idf(docFreq=172, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.40897474 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.543596 = idf(docFreq=172, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.030162701 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.030162701 = score(doc=981,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.06989833 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6823279 = boost
                3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.4315225 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
          0.2614455 = weight(abstract_txt:dual in 981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2614455 = score(doc=981,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5359503 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5880136 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.4878167 = fieldWeight in 981, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=981)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  3. Agosti, M.; Pretto, L.: ¬A theoretical study of a generalized version of kleinberg's HITS algorithm (2005) 0.12
    0.12027241 = sum of:
      0.12027241 = product of:
        0.60136205 = sum of:
          0.0036574444 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0036574444 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.024697077 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
          0.02088427 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02088427 = score(doc=4,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.04970346 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0031261 = boost
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.4201774 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
          0.021665249 = weight(abstract_txt:original in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021665249 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06417406 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.139835 = boost
                5.4016213 = idf(docFreq=541, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.33760133 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.4016213 = idf(docFreq=541, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
          0.0136437295 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0136437295 = score(doc=4,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.037422184 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2309539 = boost
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.36458933 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
          0.54151136 = weight(abstract_txt:symmetry in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.54151136 = score(doc=4,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.69119215 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.4815507 = boost
                8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.7834455 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.863674 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Bodoff, D.; Wong, S.P.-S.: Documents and queries as random variables : history and implications (2006) 0.11
    0.114307284 = sum of:
      0.114307284 = product of:
        0.31752023 = sum of:
          0.0091436105 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0091436105 = score(doc=193,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.024697077 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.3702305 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.018459262 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018459262 = score(doc=193,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.04970346 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0031261 = boost
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.37138787 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.02788722 = weight(abstract_txt:construction in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02788722 = score(doc=193,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06544059 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1510278 = boost
                5.4546638 = idf(docFreq=513, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.4261456 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.4546638 = idf(docFreq=513, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.03395764 = weight(abstract_txt:idea in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03395764 = score(doc=193,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07462232 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2291266 = boost
                5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.45506012 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8247695 = idf(docFreq=354, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.008527331 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008527331 = score(doc=193,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.037422184 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2309539 = boost
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.22786833 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.021768054 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021768054 = score(doc=193,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06989833 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6823279 = boost
                3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.31142452 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.041667305 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.041667305 = score(doc=193,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.07471543 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7393315 = boost
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.5576801 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.1213026 = idf(docFreq=1949, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.076844394 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.076844394 = score(doc=193,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.094770215 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.958904 = boost
                4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.81084967 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
          0.07926542 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07926542 = score(doc=193,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.11471033 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.155155 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.6910051 = fieldWeight in 193, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=193)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  5. Li, D.; Kwong, C.-P.; Lee, D.L.: Unified linear subspace approach to semantic analysis (2009) 0.11
    0.10940599 = sum of:
      0.10940599 = product of:
        0.4558583 = sum of:
          0.006334879 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.006334879 = score(doc=3321,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.024697077 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 3321, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3321)
          0.018015658 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 3321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018015658 = score(doc=3321,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05674799 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0718585 = boost
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.31746778 = fieldWeight in 3321, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.0794845 = idf(docFreq=747, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3321)
          0.009647573 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 3321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009647573 = score(doc=3321,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.037422184 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2309539 = boost
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.2578036 = fieldWeight in 3321, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.9167147 = idf(docFreq=6503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3321)
          0.024627741 = weight(abstract_txt:model in 3321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024627741 = score(doc=3321,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.06989833 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6823279 = boost
                3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.35233662 = fieldWeight in 3321, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.986234 = idf(docFreq=2231, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3321)
          0.027492687 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 3321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027492687 = score(doc=3321,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.094770215 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.958904 = boost
                4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.2900984 = fieldWeight in 3321, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3321)
          0.36973977 = weight(abstract_txt:dual in 3321) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.36973977 = score(doc=3321,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.5359503 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.5880136 = boost
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.010423016 = queryNorm
              0.689877 = fieldWeight in 3321, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                7.805067 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3321)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)