Document (#6718)

Author
Shaffer, C.A.
Title
Data representations for geographic information systems
Source
Annual review of information science and technology. 27(1992), S.135-172
Imprint
Medford, NJ : Learned Information
Year
1992
Abstract
Defines Geographic Information Systems (GIS), explains GIS data types and operations, and discusses vector and raster representations, elevation data representations, large special databases, and the new spatial indexing methods. Identifies problem areas, such as time varying data and 3 dimensional databases, and notes that artificial intelligence will play a greater role in GIS analysis in the future
Field
Geowissenschaften

Similar documents (content)

  1. Geographic information systems and libraries : patrons, maps and spatial information. Proceedings of the 1995 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, 10-12 April 1995 (1996) 0.28
    0.28324583 = sum of:
      0.28324583 = product of:
        1.180191 = sum of:
          0.03518496 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03518496 = score(doc=667,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.05480947 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.09141 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.64195037 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
          0.17250794 = weight(abstract_txt:identifies in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17250794 = score(doc=667,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15818197 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3110632 = boost
                5.8163543 = idf(docFreq=357, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.0905664 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8163543 = idf(docFreq=357, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
          0.27738264 = weight(abstract_txt:spatial in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.27738264 = score(doc=667,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2171053 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5359615 = boost
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.277641 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
          0.06964134 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06964134 = score(doc=667,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.108861 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5381415 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.6397272 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
          0.49523833 = weight(abstract_txt:geographic in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.49523833 = score(doc=667,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.402566 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9578671 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.2302041 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
          0.13023584 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13023584 = score(doc=667,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.20818906 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.0081818 = boost
                3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.62556523 = fieldWeight in 667, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=667)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Purves, R.S.; Winter, S.; Kuhn, W.: Places in information science (2019) 0.24
    0.24193393 = sum of:
      0.24193393 = product of:
        0.75604355 = sum of:
          0.020314045 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020314045 = score(doc=5433,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.05480947 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.09141 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.3706302 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.033851374 = weight(abstract_txt:areas in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.033851374 = score(doc=5433,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11110901 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0988028 = boost
                4.87469 = idf(docFreq=917, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.30466813 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.87469 = idf(docFreq=917, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.20674881 = weight(abstract_txt:spatial in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20674881 = score(doc=5433,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.2171053 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5359615 = boost
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.9522974 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.04642756 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04642756 = score(doc=5433,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.108861 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5381415 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.4264848 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.050222 = weight(abstract_txt:databases in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.050222 = score(doc=5433,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.18209767 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9893552 = boost
                4.4127526 = idf(docFreq=1456, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.27579704 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4127526 = idf(docFreq=1456, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.16507944 = weight(abstract_txt:geographic in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16507944 = score(doc=5433,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.402566 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9578671 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.41006804 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.043411944 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.043411944 = score(doc=5433,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.20818906 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.0081818 = boost
                3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.20852174 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
          0.18998837 = weight(abstract_txt:representations in 5433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18998837 = score(doc=5433,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.50608504 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.0617905 = boost
                6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.375408 = fieldWeight in 5433, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.006528 = idf(docFreq=295, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5433)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  3. Hill, L.L.; Frew, J.; Zheng, Q.: Geographic names : the implementation of a gazetteer in a georeferenced digital library (1999) 0.19
    0.19246753 = sum of:
      0.19246753 = product of:
        0.687384 = sum of:
          0.027656449 = weight(abstract_txt:types in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027656449 = score(doc=1240,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09336381 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0072433 = boost
                4.4684987 = idf(docFreq=1377, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.2962224 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.4684987 = idf(docFreq=1377, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
          0.012439761 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012439761 = score(doc=1240,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.05480947 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.09141 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.22696373 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
          0.025388531 = weight(abstract_txt:areas in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025388531 = score(doc=1240,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11110901 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0988028 = boost
                4.87469 = idf(docFreq=917, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.2285011 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.87469 = idf(docFreq=917, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
          0.026995827 = weight(abstract_txt:special in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.026995827 = score(doc=1240,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11575027 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1215177 = boost
                4.9754615 = idf(docFreq=829, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.23322475 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9754615 = idf(docFreq=829, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
          0.06934566 = weight(abstract_txt:spatial in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06934566 = score(doc=1240,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2171053 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5359615 = boost
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.31941026 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8140855 = idf(docFreq=131, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
          0.47951248 = weight(abstract_txt:geographic in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.47951248 = score(doc=1240,freq=15.0), product of:
              0.402566 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9578671 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.19114 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                3.8729835 = tf(freq=15.0), with freq of:
                  15.0 = termFreq=15.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
          0.046045322 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 1240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.046045322 = score(doc=1240,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.20818906 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.0081818 = boost
                3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.22117071 = fieldWeight in 1240, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.3363478 = idf(docFreq=4274, maxDocs=44218)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1240)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  4. GIS in academic libraries (1995) 0.19
    0.18606466 = sum of:
      0.18606466 = product of:
        1.1629041 = sum of:
          0.04146587 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04146587 = score(doc=3857,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05480947 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.09141 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.7565457 = fieldWeight in 3857, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3857)
          0.17997219 = weight(abstract_txt:special in 3857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17997219 = score(doc=3857,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11575027 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1215177 = boost
                4.9754615 = idf(docFreq=829, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.5548317 = fieldWeight in 3857, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9754615 = idf(docFreq=829, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3857)
          0.1160689 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 3857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1160689 = score(doc=3857,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.108861 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5381415 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.0662119 = fieldWeight in 3857, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3857)
          0.8253972 = weight(abstract_txt:geographic in 3857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.8253972 = score(doc=3857,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.402566 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9578671 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              2.0503402 = fieldWeight in 3857, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3857)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)
    
  5. Geographic information systems (GISs) revisited : a symposium (1997) 0.19
    0.18606466 = sum of:
      0.18606466 = product of:
        1.1629041 = sum of:
          0.04146587 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04146587 = score(doc=1672,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05480947 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.09141 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              0.7565457 = fieldWeight in 1672, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1672)
          0.17997219 = weight(abstract_txt:special in 1672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17997219 = score(doc=1672,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11575027 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1215177 = boost
                4.9754615 = idf(docFreq=829, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.5548317 = fieldWeight in 1672, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9754615 = idf(docFreq=829, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1672)
          0.1160689 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1160689 = score(doc=1672,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.108861 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5381415 = boost
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              1.0662119 = fieldWeight in 1672, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4118783 = idf(docFreq=3963, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1672)
          0.8253972 = weight(abstract_txt:geographic in 1672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.8253972 = score(doc=1672,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.402566 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9578671 = boost
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.020743523 = queryNorm
              2.0503402 = fieldWeight in 1672, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5610886 = idf(docFreq=169, maxDocs=44218)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1672)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)