Document (#5243)

Author

Smith, S.E.

Title

On the shoulders of giants : from Boole to Shannon to Taube: the origins and development of computerized information from the mid-19th century to the present

Source

Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.2, S.217-226

Year

1993

Abstract

This article desribes the evolvement of computerized information storage and retrieval, from its beginnings in the theoretical works on logic by George Boole in the mid-nineteenth century, to the application of Boole's logic to switching circuits by Claude Shannon in the late 1930s, and the development of coordinate indexing by Mortimer Taube in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Thus, electronic storage and retrieval of information, as we know it today, was the result of two major achievements: the advancement of computer technology initiated to a large extend by the work of Shannon, and the development of coordinate indexing and retrieval by the work of Taube. Both these achievements are based on and are the application of the theoretical works of George Boole

Theme

Geschichte der Sacherschließung

Similar documents (author)

1. Smith, M.P.; Smith, M.: ¬The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback (1997) 4.56

   4.5639806 = sum of:
     4.5639806 = weight(author_txt:smith in 1761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.5639806 = fieldWeight in 1761, product of:
         1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
           2.0 = termFreq=2.0
         6.4544435 = idf(docFreq=189, maxDocs=44421)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1761)
   

2. Smith, E.H.: Enhancing subject accessibiliy to the online catalog (1991) 4.03

   4.034027 = sum of:
     4.034027 = weight(author_txt:smith in 1068) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.034027 = fieldWeight in 1068, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.4544435 = idf(docFreq=189, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1068)
   

3. Smith, L.C.: UNISIST revisited: campatibility in the context of collaboratories (1992) 4.03

   4.034027 = sum of:
     4.034027 = weight(author_txt:smith in 2112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.034027 = fieldWeight in 2112, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.4544435 = idf(docFreq=189, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2112)
   

4. Smith, M.M.: Knowledge management : a guide to resources on the Internet (2004) 4.03

   4.034027 = sum of:
     4.034027 = weight(author_txt:smith in 2804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.034027 = fieldWeight in 2804, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.4544435 = idf(docFreq=189, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2804)
   

5. Smith, L.C.: Citation analysis (1981) 4.03

   4.034027 = sum of:
     4.034027 = weight(author_txt:smith in 2832) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.034027 = fieldWeight in 2832, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.4544435 = idf(docFreq=189, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2832)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Bednarek, A.R.: Boolean algebras (2009) 0.24

   0.2407264 = sum of:
     0.2407264 = product of:
       1.203632 = sum of:
         0.015678596 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015678596 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.045455102 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0733503 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.34492487 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
         0.089921154 = weight(abstract_txt:century in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.089921154 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12722977 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4662192 = boost
               5.6540956 = idf(docFreq=422, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.70676196 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6540956 = idf(docFreq=422, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
         0.120734796 = weight(abstract_txt:logic in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.120734796 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15484688 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6175427 = boost
               6.2376356 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.77970445 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2376356 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
         0.28447828 = weight(abstract_txt:george in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28447828 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.274187 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1524248 = boost
               8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             1.0375338 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
         0.6928192 = weight(abstract_txt:boole in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6928192 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5681432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7947142 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             1.2194446 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

2. Frické, M.: Boolean logic (2021) 0.20

   0.20197147 = sum of:
     0.20197147 = product of:
       0.84154785 = sum of:
         0.08558279 = weight(abstract_txt:switching in 1232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08558279 = score(doc=1232,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11836435 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.7124834 = idf(docFreq=53, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.72304535 = fieldWeight in 1232, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.7124834 = idf(docFreq=53, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1232)
         0.030718083 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 1232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030718083 = score(doc=1232,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07531868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1281215 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.4078415 = fieldWeight in 1232, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1232)
         0.050539423 = weight(abstract_txt:application in 1232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050539423 = score(doc=1232,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08331378 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.186487 = boost
               4.5753803 = idf(docFreq=1243, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.6066154 = fieldWeight in 1232, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5753803 = idf(docFreq=1243, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1232)
         0.20247842 = weight(abstract_txt:logic in 1232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20247842 = score(doc=1232,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.15484688 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6175427 = boost
               6.2376356 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             1.3076042 = fieldWeight in 1232, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               6.2376356 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1232)
         0.16645178 = weight(abstract_txt:coordinate in 1232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16645178 = score(doc=1232,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23236226 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9814693 = boost
               7.6410246 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.716346 = fieldWeight in 1232, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.6410246 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1232)
         0.30577734 = weight(abstract_txt:shannon in 1232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30577734 = score(doc=1232,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3989703 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1799514 = boost
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.7664163 = fieldWeight in 1232, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1232)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Taube, M.: Functional approach to bibliographic organization : a critique and a proposal (1985) 0.18

   0.17847192 = sum of:
     0.17847192 = product of:
       0.5577248 = sum of:
         0.006929025 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.006929025 = score(doc=4635,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.045455102 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0733503 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.15243669 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.03135151 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03135151 = score(doc=4635,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.07531868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1281215 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.41625148 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.021058094 = weight(abstract_txt:application in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021058094 = score(doc=4635,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08331378 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.186487 = boost
               4.5753803 = idf(docFreq=1243, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.25275645 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5753803 = idf(docFreq=1243, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.009798068 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009798068 = score(doc=4635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.072150305 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3522882 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.13580078 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.02810036 = weight(abstract_txt:century in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02810036 = score(doc=4635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12722977 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4662192 = boost
               5.6540956 = idf(docFreq=422, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.2208631 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6540956 = idf(docFreq=422, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.15508229 = weight(abstract_txt:coordinate in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15508229 = score(doc=4635,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.23236226 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9814693 = boost
               7.6410246 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.667416 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.6410246 = idf(docFreq=57, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.088899456 = weight(abstract_txt:george in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.088899456 = score(doc=4635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.274187 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1524248 = boost
               8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.3242293 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
         0.21650599 = weight(abstract_txt:boole in 4635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21650599 = score(doc=4635,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5681432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7947142 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.38107646 = fieldWeight in 4635, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4635)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Cooksey, E.B.: George Boole : the man behind 'and/or/not' (1997) 0.16

   0.16250324 = sum of:
     0.16250324 = product of:
       1.3541937 = sum of:
         0.089921154 = weight(abstract_txt:century in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.089921154 = score(doc=158,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12722977 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4662192 = boost
               5.6540956 = idf(docFreq=422, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.70676196 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6540956 = idf(docFreq=422, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
         0.28447828 = weight(abstract_txt:george in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28447828 = score(doc=158,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.274187 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1524248 = boost
               8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             1.0375338 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.30027 = idf(docFreq=29, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
         0.97979426 = weight(abstract_txt:boole in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.97979426 = score(doc=158,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5681432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7947142 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             1.7245551 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)
   

5. Pansegrouw, J.G.: ¬Die begrippe spesie, klas en versameling in verhouding tot indekseringteorie (1995) 0.11

   0.11423483 = sum of:
     0.11423483 = product of:
       0.7139677 = sum of:
         0.01940127 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 4515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01940127 = score(doc=4515,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.045455102 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0733503 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.42682272 = fieldWeight in 4515, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4515)
         0.035837766 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 4515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035837766 = score(doc=4515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07531868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1281215 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.4758151 = fieldWeight in 4515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4515)
         0.05251184 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 4515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05251184 = score(doc=4515,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08828102 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4958355 = boost
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             0.5948259 = fieldWeight in 4515, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4515)
         0.6062168 = weight(abstract_txt:boole in 4515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6062168 = score(doc=4515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5681432 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7947142 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015347112 = queryNorm
             1.0670141 = fieldWeight in 4515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4515)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)