Document (#44336)

Author

Khorashadizadeh, H.
Amara, F.Z.
Ezzabady, M.
Ieng, F.
Tiwari, S.
Mihindukulasooriya, N.
Groppe, J.
Sahri, S.
Benamara, F.
Groppe, S.

Title

Research trends for the interplay between Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs

Source

arXiv:2406.08223v1, [cs.AI] 12 Jun 2024

Year

2024

Abstract

This survey investigates the synergistic relationship between Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs), which is crucial for advancing AI's capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and language processing. It aims to address gaps in current research by exploring areas such as KG Question Answering, ontology generation, KG validation, and the enhancement of KG accuracy and consistency through LLMs. The paper further examines the roles of LLMs in generating descriptive texts and natural language queries for KGs. Through a structured analysis that includes categorizing LLM-KG interactions, examining methodologies, and investigating collaborative uses and potential biases, this study seeks to provide new insights into the combined potential of LLMs and KGs. It highlights the importance of their interaction for improving AI applications and outlines future research directions.

Content

Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381373470_Research_Trends_for_the_Interplay_between_Large_Language_Models_and_Knowledge_Graphs.

Theme

Computerlinguistik
Wissensrepräsentation

Field

Informatik

Similar documents (content)

1. Kau, A.; He, X.; Nambissan, A.; Astudillo, A.; Yin, H.; Aryani, A.: Combining graphs and Large Language Models (2024) 0.43

   0.42627144 = sum of:
     0.42627144 = product of:
       1.3320982 = sum of:
         0.017419225 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017419225 = score(doc=2336,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05700128 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0840853 = boost
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.30559355 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.018799303 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018799303 = score(doc=2336,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.059973575 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1119907 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.31345978 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.056181468 = weight(abstract_txt:validation in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056181468 = score(doc=2336,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12443068 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1325827 = boost
               7.2241306 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.45150816 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2241306 = idf(docFreq=87, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.02612793 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02612793 = score(doc=2336,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09410487 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3929234 = boost
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.27764696 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.029449202 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029449202 = score(doc=2336,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101919614 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4496063 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.28894538 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.10561385 = weight(abstract_txt:graphs in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10561385 = score(doc=2336,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2387936 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2188733 = boost
               7.0764947 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.44228092 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.0764947 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.08650536 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08650536 = score(doc=2336,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.16591823 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6156716 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.52137345 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
         0.9920019 = weight(abstract_txt:llms in 2336) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.9920019 = score(doc=2336,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.78325605 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.683136 = boost
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             1.2665104 = fieldWeight in 2336, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2336)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Luo, L.; Ju, J.; Li, Y.-F.; Haffari, G.; Xiong, B.; Pan, S.: ChatRule: mining logical rules with large language models for knowledge graph reasoning (2023) 0.42

   0.42335385 = sum of:
     0.42335385 = product of:
       1.1759828 = sum of:
         0.039213613 = weight(abstract_txt:crucial in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039213613 = score(doc=2173,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09790916 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.004657 = boost
               6.4081626 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.40051016 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.4081626 = idf(docFreq=198, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.012317251 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012317251 = score(doc=2173,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05700128 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0840853 = boost
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.21608727 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.018799303 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018799303 = score(doc=2173,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.059973575 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1119907 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.31345978 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.019071555 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019071555 = score(doc=2173,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07628974 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2541637 = boost
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.24998845 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.05225586 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05225586 = score(doc=2173,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09410487 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3929234 = boost
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.5552939 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.04164746 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04164746 = score(doc=2173,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.101919614 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4496063 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.40863046 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.14936054 = weight(abstract_txt:graphs in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14936054 = score(doc=2173,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2387936 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2188733 = boost
               7.0764947 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.62547964 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.0764947 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.07491584 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07491584 = score(doc=2173,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.16591823 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6156716 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.45152265 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
         0.7684014 = weight(abstract_txt:llms in 2173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7684014 = score(doc=2173,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.78325605 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.683136 = boost
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.9810347 = fieldWeight in 2173, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2173)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

3. Yang, L.; Chen, H.; Li, Z.; Ding, X.; Wu, X.: Give us the facts : enhancing Large Language Models with knowledge graphs for fact-aware language modeling (2024) 0.41

   0.41426066 = sum of:
     0.41426066 = product of:
       1.2945646 = sum of:
         0.065303825 = weight(abstract_txt:generating in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.065303825 = score(doc=2337,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.109181195 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0609138 = boost
               6.7669935 = idf(docFreq=138, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.5981234 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.7669935 = idf(docFreq=138, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.037598606 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037598606 = score(doc=2337,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.059973575 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1119907 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.62691957 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.036950476 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036950476 = score(doc=2337,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09410487 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3929234 = boost
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.3926521 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.051007513 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051007513 = score(doc=2337,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.101919614 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4496063 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.5004681 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.014100887 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014100887 = score(doc=2337,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07140634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4860561 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.19747387 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.10561385 = weight(abstract_txt:graphs in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10561385 = score(doc=2337,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2387936 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2188733 = boost
               7.0764947 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.44228092 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.0764947 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.09671593 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09671593 = score(doc=2337,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.16591823 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6156716 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.5829132 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
         0.8872735 = weight(abstract_txt:llms in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.8872735 = score(doc=2337,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.78325605 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.683136 = boost
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             1.1328013 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Williams, S.; Huckle, J.: Easy problems that LLMs get wrong (2024) 0.34

   0.34032592 = sum of:
     0.34032592 = product of:
       1.0635185 = sum of:
         0.050710153 = weight(abstract_txt:methodologies in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050710153 = score(doc=2394,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10015102 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.016094 = boost
               6.481112 = idf(docFreq=184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.50633687 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.481112 = idf(docFreq=184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.023839444 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023839444 = score(doc=2394,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07628974 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2541637 = boost
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.31248558 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.032659914 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032659914 = score(doc=2394,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09410487 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3929234 = boost
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.3470587 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.036611304 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036611304 = score(doc=2394,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10154975 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4469736 = boost
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.3605258 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.06375939 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06375939 = score(doc=2394,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.101919614 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4496063 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.6255851 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.017626109 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017626109 = score(doc=2394,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07140634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4860561 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.24684234 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.054065853 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054065853 = score(doc=2394,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16591823 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6156716 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.3258584 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
         0.7842463 = weight(abstract_txt:llms in 2394) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7842463 = score(doc=2394,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.78325605 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.683136 = boost
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             1.0012643 = fieldWeight in 2394, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2394)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

5. Törnberg, P.: How to use LLMs for text analysis (2023) 0.27

   0.269761 = sum of:
     0.269761 = product of:
       1.1240041 = sum of:
         0.019071555 = weight(abstract_txt:through in 2243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019071555 = score(doc=2243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07628974 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2541637 = boost
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.24998845 = fieldWeight in 2243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9998152 = idf(docFreq=2211, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2243)
         0.02612793 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 2243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02612793 = score(doc=2243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09410487 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3929234 = boost
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.27764696 = fieldWeight in 2243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2243)
         0.029449202 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 2243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029449202 = score(doc=2243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101919614 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4496063 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.28894538 = fieldWeight in 2243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2243)
         0.014100887 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 2243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014100887 = score(doc=2243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07140634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4860561 = boost
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.19747387 = fieldWeight in 2243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.159582 = idf(docFreq=5124, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2243)
         0.04325268 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 2243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04325268 = score(doc=2243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16591823 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6156716 = boost
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             0.26068673 = fieldWeight in 2243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1709876 = idf(docFreq=1863, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2243)
         0.9920019 = weight(abstract_txt:llms in 2243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.9920019 = score(doc=2243,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.78325605 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.683136 = boost
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015207996 = queryNorm
             1.2665104 = fieldWeight in 2243, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               9.06241 = idf(docFreq=13, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2243)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)