Document (#43441)

Author

Biagetti, M.T.

Title

Ontologies as knowledge organization systems

Source

Knowledge organization. 48(2021) no.2, S.152-176

Year

2021

Series

Reviews of Concepts in Knowledge Organization

Abstract

This contribution presents the principal features of ontologies, drawing special attention to the comparison between ontologies and the different kinds of know­ledge organization systems (KOS). The focus is on the semantic richness exhibited by ontologies, which allows the creation of a great number of relationships between terms. That establishes ontologies as the most evolved type of KOS. The concepts of "conceptualization" and "formalization" and the key components of ontologies are described and discussed, along with upper and domain ontologies and special typologies, such as bibliographical ontologies and biomedical ontologies. The use of ontologies in the digital libraries environment, where they have replaced thesauri for query expansion in searching, and the role they are playing in the Semantic Web, especially for semantic interoperability, are sketched.

Theme

Wissensrepräsentation

Similar documents (author)

1. Biagetti, M.T.: Indexing and scientific research needs (2006) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:biagetti in 1235) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 1235, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1235)
   

2. Biagetti, M.T.: Philosophy in bibliographic classification systems (2009) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:biagetti in 253) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 253, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=253)
   

3. Biagetti, M.T.: Pertinence perspective and OPAC enhancement 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:biagetti in 536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 536, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=536)
   

4. Biagetti, M.T.: Digital libraries and semantic searching (2014) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:biagetti in 2463) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 2463, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2463)
   

5. Biagetti, M.T.: ¬A comparative analysis and evaluation of bibliographic ontologies (2018) 6.01

   6.0137663 = sum of:
     6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:biagetti in 790) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 790, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=790)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Kless, D.; Lindenthal, J.; Milton, S.; Kazmierczak, E.: Interoperability of knowledge organization systems with and through ontologies (2011) 0.23

   0.22706085 = sum of:
     0.22706085 = product of:
       0.94608694 = sum of:
         0.033268206 = weight(abstract_txt:expansion in 814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033268206 = score(doc=814,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08716433 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0319576 = boost
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.38167226 = fieldWeight in 814, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=814)
         0.033955242 = weight(abstract_txt:interoperability in 814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033955242 = score(doc=814,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08836028 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.039013 = boost
               6.148508 = idf(docFreq=257, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.38428175 = fieldWeight in 814, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.148508 = idf(docFreq=257, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=814)
         0.011596838 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011596838 = score(doc=814,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054394573 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.152883 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.21319844 = fieldWeight in 814, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=814)
         0.017076153 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017076153 = score(doc=814,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.055878647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1685046 = boost
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.30559355 = fieldWeight in 814, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=814)
         0.03643059 = weight(abstract_txt:organization in 814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03643059 = score(doc=814,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09260405 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5042584 = boost
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.39340168 = fieldWeight in 814, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=814)
         0.8137599 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 814) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.8137599 = score(doc=814,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.7912008 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.831863 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             1.0285125 = fieldWeight in 814, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=814)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Baker, T.; Sutton, S.A.: Linked data and the charm of weak semantics : Introduction: the strengths of weak semantics (2015) 0.21

   0.21466096 = sum of:
     0.21466096 = product of:
       0.76664627 = sum of:
         0.033955242 = weight(abstract_txt:interoperability in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033955242 = score(doc=3022,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08836028 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.039013 = boost
               6.148508 = idf(docFreq=257, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.38428175 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.148508 = idf(docFreq=257, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
         0.012074664 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012074664 = score(doc=3022,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.055878647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1685046 = boost
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.21608727 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
         0.015379989 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015379989 = score(doc=3022,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06565984 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2666522 = boost
               3.7477977 = idf(docFreq=2845, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.23423736 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.7477977 = idf(docFreq=2845, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
         0.025760315 = weight(abstract_txt:organization in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025760315 = score(doc=3022,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09260405 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5042584 = boost
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.278177 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
         0.03605883 = weight(abstract_txt:special in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03605883 = score(doc=3022,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.115878694 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6827099 = boost
               4.978838 = idf(docFreq=830, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.31117737 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.978838 = idf(docFreq=830, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
         0.06800209 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06800209 = score(doc=3022,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14038931 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2684026 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.48438224 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
         0.57541513 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 3022) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.57541513 = score(doc=3022,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.7912008 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.831863 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.72726816 = fieldWeight in 3022, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3022)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Arp, R.; Smith, B.; Spear, A.D.: Building ontologies with basic formal ontology (2015) 0.20

   0.19951938 = sum of:
     0.19951938 = product of:
       0.8313308 = sum of:
         0.036120504 = weight(abstract_txt:drawing in 4444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036120504 = score(doc=4444,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09207783 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0606449 = boost
               6.2765174 = idf(docFreq=226, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.39228234 = fieldWeight in 4444, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2765174 = idf(docFreq=226, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4444)
         0.012074664 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 4444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012074664 = score(doc=4444,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.055878647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1685046 = boost
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.21608727 = fieldWeight in 4444, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4444)
         0.07478051 = weight(abstract_txt:biomedical in 4444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07478051 = score(doc=4444,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11871388 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2043236 = boost
               7.1267567 = idf(docFreq=96, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.6299222 = fieldWeight in 4444, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.1267567 = idf(docFreq=96, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4444)
         0.025760315 = weight(abstract_txt:organization in 4444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025760315 = score(doc=4444,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09260405 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5042584 = boost
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.278177 = fieldWeight in 4444, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4444)
         0.039261024 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 4444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039261024 = score(doc=4444,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14038931 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2684026 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.27965823 = fieldWeight in 4444, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4444)
         0.64333373 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4444) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.64333373 = score(doc=4444,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.7912008 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.831863 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.81311053 = fieldWeight in 4444, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4444)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Synak, M.; Dabrowski, M.; Kruk, S.R.: Semantic Web and ontologies (2009) 0.19

   0.18966468 = sum of:
     0.18966468 = product of:
       1.1854043 = sum of:
         0.04661811 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 363) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04661811 = score(doc=363,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06565984 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2666522 = boost
               3.7477977 = idf(docFreq=2845, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.70999426 = fieldWeight in 363, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.7477977 = idf(docFreq=2845, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=363)
         0.06310295 = weight(abstract_txt:special in 363) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06310295 = score(doc=363,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.115878694 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6827099 = boost
               4.978838 = idf(docFreq=830, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.54456043 = fieldWeight in 363, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.978838 = idf(docFreq=830, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=363)
         0.068706796 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 363) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068706796 = score(doc=363,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14038931 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2684026 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.4894019 = fieldWeight in 363, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=363)
         1.0069765 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 363) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0069765 = score(doc=363,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.7912008 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.831863 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             1.2727193 = fieldWeight in 363, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=363)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Klein, M.; Ding, Y.; Fensel, D.; Omelayenko, B.: Ontology management : storing, aligning and maintaining ontologies (2004) 0.18

   0.1770721 = sum of:
     0.1770721 = product of:
       0.8853605 = sum of:
         0.014496048 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014496048 = score(doc=402,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.054394573 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.152883 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.26649806 = fieldWeight in 402, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=402)
         0.007546665 = weight(abstract_txt:between in 402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.007546665 = score(doc=402,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.055878647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1685046 = boost
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.13505454 = fieldWeight in 402, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4573963 = idf(docFreq=3804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=402)
         0.016649324 = weight(abstract_txt:they in 402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016649324 = score(doc=402,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06565984 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2666522 = boost
               3.7477977 = idf(docFreq=2845, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.25356936 = fieldWeight in 402, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.7477977 = idf(docFreq=2845, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=402)
         0.042501304 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042501304 = score(doc=402,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14038931 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2684026 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             0.3027389 = fieldWeight in 402, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=402)
         0.80416715 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 402) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.80416715 = score(doc=402,freq=20.0), product of:
             0.7912008 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.831863 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013831406 = queryNorm
             1.0163882 = fieldWeight in 402, product of:
               4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
                 20.0 = termFreq=20.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=402)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)