Document (#42756)

Author

Lee, D.

Title

Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments

Source

Knowledge organization. 47(2020) no.1, S.72-91

Year

2020

Abstract

This paper discusses the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments. This classification system was originally designed for musical instruments and books about instruments, and was first published in German in 1914. Hornbostel-Sachs has dominated organological discourse and practice since its creation, and this article analyses the scheme's context, background, versions and impact. The position of Hornbostel-Sachs in the history and development of instrument classification is explored. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the mechanics of the scheme, including its decimal notation, the influential broad categories of the scheme, its warrant and its typographical layout. The version history of the scheme is outlined and the relationships between versions is visualised, including its translations, the introduction of the electrophones category and the Musical Instruments Museums Online (MIMO) version designed for a digital environment. The reception of Hornbostel-Sachs is analysed, and its usage, criticism and impact are all considered. As well as dominating organological research and practice for over a century, it is shown that Hornbostel-Sachs also had a significant influence on the bibliographic classification of music.

Content

DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2020-1-72.

Footnote

Derived from the article of similar title in the ISKO Encyclopedia of Knowledge Organization Version 1.1 (= 1.0 plus details on electrophones and Wikipedia); version 1.0 published 2019-01-17, this version 2019-05-29. Article category: KOS, specific (domain specific). The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, as well as the editor, Professor Birger Hjørland, for all of his insightful comments and ideas.

Theme

Klassifikationssysteme

Field

Musik

Object

Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments

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