Document (#42418)

Author

González-Ibáñez, R.
Esparza-Villamán, A.
Vargas-Godoy, J.C.
Shah, C.

Title

¬A comparison of unimodal and multimodal models for implicit detection of relevance in interactive IR

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 70(2019) no.11, S.1223-1235

Year

2019

Abstract

Implicit detection of relevance has been approached by many during the last decade. From the use of individual measures to the use of multiple features from different sources (multimodality), studies have shown the feasibility to automatically detect whether a document is relevant. Despite promising results, it is not clear yet to what extent multimodality constitutes an effective approach compared to unimodality. In this article, we hypothesize that it is possible to build unimodal models capable of outperforming multimodal models in the detection of perceived relevance. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three experiments to compare unimodal and multimodal classification models built using a combination of 24 features. Our classification experiments showed that a univariate unimodal model based on the left-click feature supports our hypothesis. On the other hand, our prediction experiment suggests that multimodality slightly improves early classification compared to the best unimodal models. Based on our results, we argue that the feasibility for practical applications of state-of-the-art multimodal approaches may be strongly constrained by technology, cultural, ethical, and legal aspects, in which case unimodality may offer a better alternative today for supporting relevance detection in interactive information retrieval systems.

Content

Vgl.: https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.24202.

Theme

Retrievalalgorithmen

Similar documents (author)

1. González-Ibáñez, R.; Shah, C.; White, R.W.: Capturing 'Collabportunities' : a method to evaluate collaboration opportunities in information search using pseudocollaboration (2015) 2.50

   2.4964907 = sum of:
     2.4964907 = product of:
       4.1608176 = sum of:
         1.0086764 = weight(author_txt:gonzález in 2167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0086764 = score(doc=2167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3369282 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             2.9937432 = fieldWeight in 2167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2167)
         1.2255822 = weight(author_txt:shah in 2167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2255822 = score(doc=2167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.38364634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670797 = boost
               8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             3.1945624 = fieldWeight in 2167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2167)
         1.9265589 = weight(author_txt:ibáñez in 2167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.9265589 = score(doc=2167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5186698 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2407286 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             3.7144227 = fieldWeight in 2167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2167)
       0.6 = coord(3/5)
   

2. Shah, C.; Hendahewa, C.; González-Ibáñez, R.: Rain or shine? : forecasting search process performance in exploratory search tasks (2016) 2.50

   2.4964907 = sum of:
     2.4964907 = product of:
       4.1608176 = sum of:
         1.0086764 = weight(author_txt:gonzález in 3012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0086764 = score(doc=3012,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3369282 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             2.9937432 = fieldWeight in 3012, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3012)
         1.2255822 = weight(author_txt:shah in 3012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.2255822 = score(doc=3012,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.38364634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0670797 = boost
               8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             3.1945624 = fieldWeight in 3012, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3012)
         1.9265589 = weight(author_txt:ibáñez in 3012) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.9265589 = score(doc=3012,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5186698 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2407286 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             3.7144227 = fieldWeight in 3012, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3012)
       0.6 = coord(3/5)
   

3. Godoy, J.C. Vargas- => Vargas-Godoy, J.C.: 1.97

   1.9664963 = sum of:
     1.9664963 = product of:
       4.9162407 = sum of:
         2.191675 = weight(author_txt:vargas in 5416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.191675 = score(doc=5416,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.44861817 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1539042 = boost
               9.211981 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             4.8853903 = fieldWeight in 5416, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.211981 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=5416)
         2.7245655 = weight(author_txt:godoy in 5416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.7245655 = score(doc=5416,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5186698 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2407286 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             5.252987 = fieldWeight in 5416, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=5416)
       0.4 = coord(2/5)
   

4. Ibáñez, R. González- => González-Ibáñez, R.: 1.66

   1.6604198 = sum of:
     1.6604198 = product of:
       4.1510496 = sum of:
         1.426484 = weight(author_txt:gonzález in 5414) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.426484 = score(doc=5414,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3369282 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             4.2337923 = fieldWeight in 5414, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.983315 = idf(docFreq=40, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=5414)
         2.7245655 = weight(author_txt:ibáñez in 5414) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.7245655 = score(doc=5414,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5186698 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2407286 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             5.252987 = fieldWeight in 5414, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=5414)
       0.4 = coord(2/5)
   

5. Viera, A.F. Godoy => Godoy Viera, A.F.: 0.54

   0.5449131 = sum of:
     0.5449131 = product of:
       2.7245655 = sum of:
         2.7245655 = weight(author_txt:godoy in 762) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.7245655 = score(doc=762,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5186698 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2407286 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.042204045 = queryNorm
             5.252987 = fieldWeight in 762, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=762)
       0.2 = coord(1/5)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Singh, V.K.; Ghosh, I.; Sonagara, D.: Detecting fake news stories via multimodal analysis (2021) 0.33

   0.33225822 = sum of:
     0.33225822 = product of:
       1.038307 = sum of:
         0.044586018 = weight(abstract_txt:strongly in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044586018 = score(doc=88,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10312238 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.9177637 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.43236023 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.9177637 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.011375637 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011375637 = score(doc=88,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.052265402 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0068058 = boost
               3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.21765138 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.068220645 = weight(abstract_txt:detect in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068220645 = score(doc=88,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10868118 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0265987 = boost
               7.1017675 = idf(docFreq=98, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.6277135 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.1017675 = idf(docFreq=98, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.05038318 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05038318 = score(doc=88,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.088797525 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3123176 = boost
               4.5391517 = idf(docFreq=1283, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.56739396 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.5391517 = idf(docFreq=1283, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.012413052 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012413052 = score(doc=88,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.04839336 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3700815 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.06733912 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06733912 = score(doc=88,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2321251 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3548229 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.2900984 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.23789129 = weight(abstract_txt:detection in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23789129 = score(doc=88,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.39671886 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.922789 = boost
               6.784232 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.59964705 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.784232 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
         0.546098 = weight(abstract_txt:multimodal in 88) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.546098 = score(doc=88,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.60308766 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.83664 = boost
               8.364683 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.9055035 = fieldWeight in 88, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               8.364683 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=88)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Mengle, S.; Goharian, N.: Passage detection using text classification (2009) 0.15

   0.14963661 = sum of:
     0.14963661 = product of:
       0.6234859 = sum of:
         0.04220937 = weight(abstract_txt:detect in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04220937 = score(doc=2765,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10868118 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0265987 = boost
               7.1017675 = idf(docFreq=98, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.3883779 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.1017675 = idf(docFreq=98, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
         0.04372967 = weight(abstract_txt:prediction in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04372967 = score(doc=2765,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11127542 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.038779 = boost
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.39298588 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
         0.012541689 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012541689 = score(doc=2765,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.04839336 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3700815 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.25916135 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
         0.022491943 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022491943 = score(doc=2765,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10302442 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.731228 = boost
               3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.21831661 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
         0.11309115 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11309115 = score(doc=2765,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.20965289 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8517008 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.5394209 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
         0.38942215 = weight(abstract_txt:detection in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38942215 = score(doc=2765,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.39671886 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.922789 = boost
               6.784232 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.9816073 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               6.784232 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Belbachir, F.; Boughanem, M.: Using language models to improve opinion detection (2018) 0.14

   0.1431968 = sum of:
     0.1431968 = product of:
       0.5966534 = sum of:
         0.07395079 = weight(abstract_txt:hypothesize in 5044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07395079 = score(doc=5044,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15794662 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2375954 = boost
               8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.46820116 = fieldWeight in 5044, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.561393 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5044)
         0.008868312 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.008868312 = score(doc=5044,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.04839336 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3700815 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.18325473 = fieldWeight in 5044, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5044)
         0.035696287 = weight(abstract_txt:experiments in 5044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035696287 = score(doc=5044,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12245423 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5410808 = boost
               5.3304167 = idf(docFreq=581, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.29150715 = fieldWeight in 5044, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3304167 = idf(docFreq=581, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5044)
         0.056545574 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 5044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056545574 = score(doc=5044,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20965289 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8517008 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.26971045 = fieldWeight in 5044, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5044)
         0.16665582 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 5044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16665582 = score(doc=5044,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.2321251 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3548229 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.7179569 = fieldWeight in 5044, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5044)
         0.25493664 = weight(abstract_txt:detection in 5044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25493664 = score(doc=5044,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.39671886 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.922789 = boost
               6.784232 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.6426128 = fieldWeight in 5044, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.784232 = idf(docFreq=135, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5044)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Jiang, J.-D.; Jiang, J.-Y.; Cheng, P.-J.: Cocluster hypothesis and ranking consistency for relevance ranking in web search (2019) 0.14

   0.13932751 = sum of:
     0.13932751 = product of:
       0.49759826 = sum of:
         0.011375637 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011375637 = score(doc=5247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.052265402 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0068058 = boost
               3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.21765138 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
         0.06916318 = weight(abstract_txt:click in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06916318 = score(doc=5247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13818803 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1576006 = boost
               8.008008 = idf(docFreq=39, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.5005005 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.008008 = idf(docFreq=39, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
         0.010135215 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010135215 = score(doc=5247,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.04839336 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3700815 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.20943399 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
         0.040795755 = weight(abstract_txt:experiments in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040795755 = score(doc=5247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12245423 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5410808 = boost
               5.3304167 = idf(docFreq=581, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.33315104 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3304167 = idf(docFreq=581, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
         0.18685815 = weight(abstract_txt:hypothesis in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18685815 = score(doc=5247,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1975067 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9571741 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.9460851 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
         0.111931205 = weight(abstract_txt:relevance in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.111931205 = score(doc=5247,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.20965289 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8517008 = boost
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.5338882 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.931848 = idf(docFreq=866, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
         0.06733912 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 5247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06733912 = score(doc=5247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2321251 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3548229 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.2900984 = fieldWeight in 5247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5247)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Hawes, T.; Lin, J.; Resnik, P.: Elements of a computational model for multi-party discourse : the turn-taking behavior of Supreme Court justices (2009) 0.14

   0.13721696 = sum of:
     0.13721696 = product of:
       0.49006057 = sum of:
         0.017063456 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017063456 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.052265402 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0068058 = boost
               3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.32647708 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
         0.07496515 = weight(abstract_txt:prediction in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07496515 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11127542 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.038779 = boost
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.6736901 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
         0.053439427 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053439427 = score(doc=3087,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.088797525 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3123176 = boost
               4.5391517 = idf(docFreq=1283, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.6018121 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5391517 = idf(docFreq=1283, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
         0.015202822 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015202822 = score(doc=3087,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.04839336 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3700815 = boost
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.314151 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
         0.061193634 = weight(abstract_txt:experiments in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061193634 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12245423 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5410808 = boost
               5.3304167 = idf(docFreq=581, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.49972656 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3304167 = idf(docFreq=581, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
         0.12534824 = weight(abstract_txt:hypothesis in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12534824 = score(doc=3087,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1975067 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9571741 = boost
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.63465315 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.769634 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
         0.14284784 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 3087) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14284784 = score(doc=3087,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2321251 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3548229 = boost
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.014906895 = queryNorm
             0.6153916 = fieldWeight in 3087, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6415744 = idf(docFreq=1158, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3087)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)