Document (#41384)

Author

Räwel, J.

Title

Können Maschinen denken? : der Turing-Test aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive

Issue

[04. August 2018].

Source

https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Koennen-Maschinen-denken-4117648.html?view=print

Year

2018

Series

Telepolis

Abstract

Alan Turing beantwortete diese Frage nicht unmittelbar, sondern indirekt über das mittlerweile praktisch durchführbare Gedankenexperiment eines "imitation game". Seine Antwort lautete, es könne zumindest nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass Maschinen (Computer) denken können, wenn sie Kommunikation, etwa als Wechselspiel von Fragen und Antworten, derart gut imitieren, dass (durch Menschen) mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht entschieden werden kann, ob fragliche Kommunikation maschinell oder durch eine menschliche Person erfolgt. Dies zumal angesichts (damals zukünftiger) selbstlernender Maschinen bzw. Algorithmen, denen es in ihrer Anwendung möglich ist, eigene Strukturen zu verändern und damit potentiell die Simulation (?) der Kommunikation - bzw. des damit zusammenhängenden Denkens (?) - des "imitation game" fortlaufend zu verbessern. Wir werden die eingangs gestellte Frage, bezugnehmend auf die Luhmannsche Systemtheorie und damit unter einem radikal anderen Blickwinkel als sonst üblich, relativ umstandslos und direkt beantworten können. Allerdings werden wir feststellen müssen, dass die schlichte, umstandslose Beantwortung der Frage durch die komplexen theoretischen Voraussetzungen der Systemtheorie erkauft sind. So ist etwa aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive keineswegs selbstverständlich, obgleich die eingangs gestellte Frage dies nahelegt, welche Instanz im Unterschied zum fraglichen maschinellen Denken fraglos Denken erlaubt.

Content

"Womit sich die Frage stellt, welcher Instanz die Systemtheorie die Fähigkeit des Denkens zurechnet. Die Antwort lautet, dass der Ort des Denkens das Denken ist."

Field

Informatik

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