Document (#40628)

Author

Smiraglia, R.P.
Cai, X.

Title

Tracking the evolution of clustering, machine learning, automatic indexing and automatic classification in knowledge organization

Source

Knowledge organization. 44(2017) no.3, S.215-233

Year

2017

Abstract

A very important extension of the traditional domain of knowledge organization (KO) arises from attempts to incorporate techniques devised in the computer science domain for automatic concept extraction and for grouping, categorizing, clustering and otherwise organizing knowledge using mechanical means. Four specific terms have emerged to identify the most prevalent techniques: machine learning, clustering, automatic indexing, and automatic classification. Our study presents three domain analytical case analyses in search of answers. The first case relies on citations located using the ISKO-supported "Knowledge Organization Bibliography." The second case relies on works in both Web of Science and SCOPUS. Case three applies co-word analysis and citation analysis to the contents of the papers in the present special issue. We observe scholars involved in "clustering" and "automatic classification" who share common thematic emphases. But we have found no coherence, no common activity and no social semantics. We have not found a research front, or a common teleology within the KO domain. We also have found a lively group of authors who have succeeded in submitting papers to this special issue, and their work quite interestingly aligns with the case studies we report. There is an emphasis on KO for information retrieval; there is much work on clustering (which involves conceptual points within texts) and automatic classification (which involves semantic groupings at the meta-document level).

Content

Beitrag in einem Special Issue "New Trends for Knowledge Organization, Guest Editor: Renato Rocha Souza".

Theme

Automatisches Indexieren
Automatisches Klassifizieren

Similar documents (author)

1. Smiraglia, R.P.: ¬A brief introduction to facets in knowledge organization (2017) 4.57

   4.574651 = sum of:
     4.574651 = weight(author_txt:smiraglia in 1199) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.574651 = fieldWeight in 1199, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.319441 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1199)
   

2. Smiraglia, R.P.: Derivative bibliographic relationships : linkages in the bibliographic universe (1994) 4.57

   4.574651 = sum of:
     4.574651 = weight(author_txt:smiraglia in 3111) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.574651 = fieldWeight in 3111, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.319441 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3111)
   

3. Smiraglia, R.P.: New promise for the universal control of recorded knowledge (1990) 4.57

   4.574651 = sum of:
     4.574651 = weight(author_txt:smiraglia in 3641) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.574651 = fieldWeight in 3641, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.319441 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3641)
   

4. Smiraglia, R.P.: Shelflisting music : guidelines for use with the Library of Congress Classification: M (2008) 4.57

   4.574651 = sum of:
     4.574651 = weight(author_txt:smiraglia in 4306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.574651 = fieldWeight in 4306, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.319441 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4306)
   

5. Smiraglia, R.P.: Describing music materials : a manual for descriptive cataloguing of printed and recorded music, music videos, and archival music collections; for use with AACR2 and APPM (1997) 4.57

   4.574651 = sum of:
     4.574651 = weight(author_txt:smiraglia in 4345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.574651 = fieldWeight in 4345, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.319441 = idf(docFreq=79, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4345)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Witschel, H.F.: Terminology extraction and automatic indexing : comparison and qualitative evaluation of methods (2005) 0.29

   0.29075834 = sum of:
     0.29075834 = product of:
       0.7268958 = sum of:
         0.032564636 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032564636 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.092905626 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0293196 = boost
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.35051307 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.037303228 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037303228 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10171277 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0770032 = boost
               4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.3667507 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.051345807 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051345807 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1258581 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.198036 = boost
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.40796587 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.022065727 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022065727 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11377408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6108902 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.19394335 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.041156434 = weight(abstract_txt:common in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041156434 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15663065 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6368666 = boost
               4.8047733 = idf(docFreq=988, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.26276106 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8047733 = idf(docFreq=988, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.031476136 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031476136 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1441735 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8133724 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.21832122 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.028640691 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028640691 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11574801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8165864 = boost
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.24744003 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.0906125 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0906125 = score(doc=2842,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.20229393 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.148007 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.44792497 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.1488718 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1488718 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43759882 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5321355 = boost
               6.2208285 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.34020156 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2208285 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.24285881 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24285881 = score(doc=2842,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.42735925 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.130093 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.5682779 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

2. Golub, K.: Automatic subject indexing of text (2019) 0.22

   0.22421703 = sum of:
     0.22421703 = product of:
       0.7006782 = sum of:
         0.030145563 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030145563 = score(doc=268,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10171277 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0770032 = boost
               4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.29637933 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.041493677 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041493677 = score(doc=268,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1258581 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.198036 = boost
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.3296862 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.037388198 = weight(abstract_txt:organization in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037388198 = score(doc=268,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13440435 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5162874 = boost
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.278177 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.025217973 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025217973 = score(doc=268,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11377408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6108902 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.22164954 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.062306587 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062306587 = score(doc=268,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1441735 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8133724 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.43216392 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.023145175 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023145175 = score(doc=268,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11574801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8165864 = boost
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.19996175 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.24061316 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24061316 = score(doc=268,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.43759882 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5321355 = boost
               6.2208285 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.54984874 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.2208285 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
         0.24036787 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 268) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24036787 = score(doc=268,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.42735925 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.130093 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.5624492 = fieldWeight in 268, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=268)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Hjoerland, B.; Hartel, J.: Introduction to a Special Issue of Knowledge Organization (2003) 0.18

   0.17869736 = sum of:
     0.17869736 = product of:
       0.40613037 = sum of:
         0.01055724 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01055724 = score(doc=4013,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08768826 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.12039514 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.0115133375 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0115133375 = score(doc=4013,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.092905626 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0293196 = boost
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.12392508 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.034132395 = weight(abstract_txt:special in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034132395 = score(doc=4013,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.11212325 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1307774 = boost
               4.978838 = idf(docFreq=830, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.30441853 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.978838 = idf(docFreq=830, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.041528087 = weight(abstract_txt:issue in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041528087 = score(doc=4013,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.12025008 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1710407 = boost
               5.156118 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.34534767 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.156118 = idf(docFreq=695, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.031270303 = weight(abstract_txt:papers in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031270303 = score(doc=4013,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12539749 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1958417 = boost
               5.2653174 = idf(docFreq=623, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.24936944 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.2653174 = idf(docFreq=623, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.043277442 = weight(abstract_txt:organization in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043277442 = score(doc=4013,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.13440435 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5162874 = boost
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.32199436 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.041281193 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041281193 = score(doc=4013,freq=14.0), product of:
             0.11377408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6108902 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.36283478 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
                 14.0 = termFreq=14.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.027259132 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027259132 = score(doc=4013,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1441735 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8133724 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.18907171 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.020252028 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020252028 = score(doc=4013,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.11574801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8165864 = boost
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.17496653 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.11097719 = weight(abstract_txt:domain in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11097719 = score(doc=4013,freq=18.0), product of:
             0.20229393 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.148007 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.54859376 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
                 18.0 = termFreq=18.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
         0.034082044 = weight(abstract_txt:case in 4013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034082044 = score(doc=4013,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25995904 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7223988 = boost
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.13110544 = fieldWeight in 4013, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4013)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

4. Adams, K.C.: Word wranglers : Automatic classification tools transform enterprise documents from "bags of words" into knowledge resources (2003) 0.17

   0.16938101 = sum of:
     0.16938101 = product of:
       0.6049322 = sum of:
         0.024130834 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024130834 = score(doc=2665,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08768826 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.2751889 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
         0.041493677 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041493677 = score(doc=2665,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1258581 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.198036 = boost
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.3296862 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
         0.025217973 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025217973 = score(doc=2665,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11377408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6108902 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.22164954 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
         0.08043746 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08043746 = score(doc=2665,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1441735 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8133724 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.55792123 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
         0.023145175 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023145175 = score(doc=2665,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11574801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8165864 = boost
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.19996175 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
         0.17013921 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17013921 = score(doc=2665,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43759882 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5321355 = boost
               6.2208285 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.38880178 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2208285 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
         0.24036787 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 2665) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24036787 = score(doc=2665,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.42735925 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.130093 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.5624492 = fieldWeight in 2665, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2665)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Pong, J.Y.-H.; Kwok, R.C.-W.; Lau, R.Y.-K.; Hao, J.-X.; Wong, P.C.-C.: ¬A comparative study of two automatic document classification methods in a library setting (2008) 0.17

   0.16815044 = sum of:
     0.16815044 = product of:
       0.6005373 = sum of:
         0.0263162 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0263162 = score(doc=3532,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.092905626 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0293196 = boost
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.28325734 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
         0.067407526 = weight(abstract_txt:learning in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.067407526 = score(doc=3532,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.10171277 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0770032 = boost
               4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.6627243 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.7420692 = idf(docFreq=1052, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
         0.09278268 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09278268 = score(doc=3532,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1258581 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.198036 = boost
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.73720074 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.274979 = idf(docFreq=617, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
         0.025217973 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025217973 = score(doc=3532,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11377408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6108902 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.22164954 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
         0.08811483 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08811483 = score(doc=3532,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.1441735 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8133724 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.61117214 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
         0.023145175 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023145175 = score(doc=3532,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11574801 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8165864 = boost
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.19996175 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
         0.27755293 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 3532) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27755293 = score(doc=3532,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.42735925 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.130093 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01991547 = queryNorm
             0.64946043 = fieldWeight in 3532, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3532)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)