Document (#39889)

Author

Oh, K.E.
Halpern, D.
Tremaine, M.
Chiang, J.
Silver, D.
Bemis, K.

Title

Blocked: when the information is hidden by the visualization

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.5, S.1033-1051

Year

2016

Abstract

This study investigated how people comprehend three-dimensional (3D) visualizations and what properties of such visualizations affect comprehension. Participants were asked to draw the face of a 3D visualization after it was cut in half. We videotaped the participants as they drew, erased, verbalized their thoughts, gestured, and moved about a two-dimensional paper presentation of the 3D visualization. The videorecords were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to generate hypotheses related to comprehension difficulties and visualization properties. Our analysis of the results uncovered three properties that made problem solving more difficult for participants. These were: (a) cuts that were at an angle in relation to at least one plane of reference, (b) nonplanar properties of the features contained in the 3D visualizations including curved layers and v-shaped layers, and (c) mixed combinations of layers. In contrast, (a) cutting planes that were perpendicular or parallel to the 3D visualization diagram's planes of reference, (b) internal features that were flat/planar, and (c) homogeneous layers were easier to comprehend. This research has direct implications for the generation and use of 3D information visualizations in that it suggests design features to include and avoid.

Content

Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23479/abstract.

Theme

Visualisierung

Similar documents (author)

1. Chiang, K.: Beyond the data archive : the creation of an interactive numeric file retrieval system (1993) 5.87

   5.874302 = sum of:
     5.874302 = weight(author_txt:chiang in 7030) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.874302 = fieldWeight in 7030, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7030)
   

2. Chiang, H.-Y.: ¬The design and future perspectives of bibliographic data on CD-ROM : the experience of the National Central Library (1992) 4.70

   4.6994414 = sum of:
     4.6994414 = weight(author_txt:chiang in 4293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.6994414 = fieldWeight in 4293, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=4293)
   

3. Chen, K.H.; Chiang, Y.T.: ¬The design and implementation of the Chinese IR benchmark (2000) 4.70

   4.6994414 = sum of:
     4.6994414 = weight(author_txt:chiang in 4353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.6994414 = fieldWeight in 4353, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=4353)
   

4. Stewart, L.; Chiang, K.S.; Coons, B.: Public access CD-ROMs in libraries : case studies (1990) 3.52

   3.524581 = sum of:
     3.524581 = weight(author_txt:chiang in 3112) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.524581 = fieldWeight in 3112, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3112)
   

5. Naing, M.-M.; Lim, E.-P.; Chiang, R.H.L.: Extracting link chains of relationship instances from a Web site (2006) 2.94

   2.937151 = sum of:
     2.937151 = weight(author_txt:chiang in 111) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       2.937151 = fieldWeight in 111, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
         0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=111)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Buchel, O.; Sedig, K.: Extending map-based visualizations to support visual tasks : the role of ontological properties (2011) 0.17

   0.17319354 = sum of:
     0.17319354 = product of:
       1.0824597 = sum of:
         0.010765336 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010765336 = score(doc=3307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.048555348 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6155162 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.22171268 = fieldWeight in 3307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3307)
         0.2290882 = weight(abstract_txt:properties in 3307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2290882 = score(doc=3307,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.23999937 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2124977 = boost
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.9545367 = fieldWeight in 3307, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3307)
         0.19633098 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 3307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19633098 = score(doc=3307,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.336417 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.252377 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.58359414 = fieldWeight in 3307, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3307)
         0.6462752 = weight(abstract_txt:visualizations in 3307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6462752 = score(doc=3307,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.43535182 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3267117 = boost
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             1.4844896 = fieldWeight in 3307, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3307)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

2. Kim, J.-A.: Understanding knowledge representation in the knowledge management environment : evaluation of ontology visualization methods (2012) 0.12

   0.122480154 = sum of:
     0.122480154 = product of:
       0.76550096 = sum of:
         0.15616925 = weight(abstract_txt:comprehension in 1140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15616925 = score(doc=1140,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19072746 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0250204 = boost
               7.4110084 = idf(docFreq=72, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.81880844 = fieldWeight in 1140, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.4110084 = idf(docFreq=72, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1140)
         0.11022012 = weight(abstract_txt:properties in 1140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11022012 = score(doc=1140,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23999937 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2124977 = boost
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.4592517 = fieldWeight in 1140, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.878422 = idf(docFreq=337, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1140)
         0.06624249 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06624249 = score(doc=1140,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1634795 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5074255 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.40520364 = fieldWeight in 1140, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1140)
         0.4328691 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 1140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4328691 = score(doc=1140,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.336417 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.252377 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             1.2867041 = fieldWeight in 1140, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1140)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Maaten, L. van den; Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE (2008) 0.12

   0.12111669 = sum of:
     0.12111669 = product of:
       0.6055834 = sum of:
         0.01852641 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01852641 = score(doc=4888,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06732252 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2031034 = boost
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.2751889 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
         0.014353781 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014353781 = score(doc=4888,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.048555348 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6155162 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
         0.13715889 = weight(abstract_txt:dimensional in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13715889 = score(doc=4888,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.16109999 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8611035 = boost
               6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.8513898 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
         0.13088733 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13088733 = score(doc=4888,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.336417 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.252377 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.38906276 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
         0.30465704 = weight(abstract_txt:visualizations in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30465704 = score(doc=4888,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.43535182 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3267117 = boost
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.69979507 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. White, H.D.; McCain, K.W.: Visualization of literatures (1997) 0.10

   0.10237348 = sum of:
     0.10237348 = product of:
       0.6398343 = sum of:
         0.017942226 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017942226 = score(doc=3291,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.048555348 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6155162 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.3695211 = fieldWeight in 3291, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3291)
         0.12123247 = weight(abstract_txt:dimensional in 3291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12123247 = score(doc=3291,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16109999 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8611035 = boost
               6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.7525294 = fieldWeight in 3291, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3291)
         0.23137827 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 3291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23137827 = score(doc=3291,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.336417 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.252377 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.6877723 = fieldWeight in 3291, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3291)
         0.26928133 = weight(abstract_txt:visualizations in 3291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.26928133 = score(doc=3291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43535182 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3267117 = boost
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.6185373 = fieldWeight in 3291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3291)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Vocht, L. De: Exploring semantic relationships in the Web of Data : Semantische relaties verkennen in data op het web (2017) 0.09

   0.08923646 = sum of:
     0.08923646 = product of:
       0.3718186 = sum of:
         0.014038799 = weight(abstract_txt:three in 232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014038799 = score(doc=232,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.06732252 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2031034 = boost
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.2085305 = fieldWeight in 232, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=232)
         0.00845315 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.00845315 = score(doc=232,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06923514 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2200737 = boost
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.12209336 = fieldWeight in 232, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=232)
         0.014388783 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014388783 = score(doc=232,freq=21.0), product of:
             0.048555348 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6155162 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.29633775 = fieldWeight in 232, product of:
               4.582576 = tf(freq=21.0), with freq of:
                 21.0 = termFreq=21.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=232)
         0.023094818 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023094818 = score(doc=232,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.10739412 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8610528 = boost
               4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.21504731 = fieldWeight in 232, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=232)
         0.080982395 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.080982395 = score(doc=232,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.336417 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.252377 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.24072029 = fieldWeight in 232, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=232)
         0.23086067 = weight(abstract_txt:visualizations in 232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23086067 = score(doc=232,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.43535182 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.3267117 = boost
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012708858 = queryNorm
             0.5302853 = fieldWeight in 232, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               7.917278 = idf(docFreq=43, maxDocs=44421)
               0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=232)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)