Document (#39503)

Author

Haustein, S.
Bowman, T.D.
Holmberg, K.
Tsou, A.
Sugimoto, C.R.
Larivière, V.

Title

Tweets as impact indicators : Examining the implications of automated "bot" accounts on Twitter

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.1, S.232-238

Year

2016

Series

Brief communications

Abstract

This brief communication presents preliminary findings on automated Twitter accounts distributing links to scientific articles deposited on the preprint repository arXiv. It discusses the implication of the presence of such bots from the perspective of social media metrics (altmetrics), where mentions of scholarly documents on Twitter have been suggested as a means of measuring impact that is both broader and timelier than citations. Our results show that automated Twitter accounts create a considerable amount of tweets to scientific articles and that they behave differently than common social bots, which has critical implications for the use of raw tweet counts in research evaluation and assessment. We discuss some definitions of Twitter cyborgs and bots in scholarly communication and propose distinguishing between different levels of engagement-that is, differentiating between tweeting only bibliographic information to discussing or commenting on the content of a scientific work.

Content

Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23456/abstract.

Theme

Informetrie

Object

Twitter

Similar documents (author)

1. Haustein, S.; Sugimoto, C.; Larivière, V.: Social media in scholarly communication : Guest editorial (2015) 3.60

   3.6022758 = sum of:
     3.6022758 = product of:
       4.8030343 = sum of:
         1.360378 = weight(author_txt:larivière in 4809) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.360378 = score(doc=4809,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.44374642 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             3.0656652 = fieldWeight in 4809, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4809)
         1.3753355 = weight(author_txt:sugimoto in 4809) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.3753355 = score(doc=4809,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4469932 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0036517 = boost
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             3.07686 = fieldWeight in 4809, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4809)
         2.0673208 = weight(author_txt:haustein in 4809) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.0673208 = score(doc=4809,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58654374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1496954 = boost
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             3.524581 = fieldWeight in 4809, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4809)
       0.75 = coord(3/4)
   

2. Haustein, S.; Peters, I.; Sugimoto, C.R.; Thelwall, M.; Larivière, V.: Tweeting biomedicine : an analysis of tweets and citations in the biomedical literature (2014) 3.00

   3.0018964 = sum of:
     3.0018964 = product of:
       4.0025287 = sum of:
         1.1336483 = weight(author_txt:larivière in 2229) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.1336483 = score(doc=2229,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.44374642 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.5547209 = fieldWeight in 2229, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2229)
         1.1461129 = weight(author_txt:sugimoto in 2229) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.1461129 = score(doc=2229,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4469932 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0036517 = boost
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.56405 = fieldWeight in 2229, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2229)
         1.7227675 = weight(author_txt:haustein in 2229) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.7227675 = score(doc=2229,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58654374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1496954 = boost
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.937151 = fieldWeight in 2229, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2229)
       0.75 = coord(3/4)
   

3. Sugimoto, C.R.; Work, S.; Larivière, V.; Haustein, S.: Scholarly use of social media and altmetrics : A review of the literature (2017) 3.00

   3.0018964 = sum of:
     3.0018964 = product of:
       4.0025287 = sum of:
         1.1336483 = weight(author_txt:larivière in 4781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.1336483 = score(doc=4781,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.44374642 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.5547209 = fieldWeight in 4781, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4781)
         1.1461129 = weight(author_txt:sugimoto in 4781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.1461129 = score(doc=4781,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4469932 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0036517 = boost
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.56405 = fieldWeight in 4781, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4781)
         1.7227675 = weight(author_txt:haustein in 4781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.7227675 = score(doc=4781,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58654374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1496954 = boost
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.937151 = fieldWeight in 4781, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4781)
       0.75 = coord(3/4)
   

4. Mohammadi, E.; Thelwall, M.; Haustein, S.; Larivière, V.: Who reads research articles? : an altmetrics analysis of Mendeley user categories (2015) 1.43

   1.4282079 = sum of:
     1.4282079 = product of:
       2.8564157 = sum of:
         1.1336483 = weight(author_txt:larivière in 3162) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.1336483 = score(doc=3162,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.44374642 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.5547209 = fieldWeight in 3162, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3162)
         1.7227675 = weight(author_txt:haustein in 3162) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.7227675 = score(doc=3162,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.58654374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1496954 = boost
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             2.937151 = fieldWeight in 3162, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3162)
       0.5 = coord(2/4)
   

5. Larivière, V.; Sugimoto, C.R.; Cronin, B.: ¬A bibliometric chronicling of library and information science's first hundred years (2012) 1.37

   1.3678567 = sum of:
     1.3678567 = product of:
       2.7357135 = sum of:
         1.360378 = weight(author_txt:larivière in 1244) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.360378 = score(doc=1244,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.44374642 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             3.0656652 = fieldWeight in 1244, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1244)
         1.3753355 = weight(author_txt:sugimoto in 1244) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.3753355 = score(doc=1244,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4469932 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0036517 = boost
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.054280195 = queryNorm
             3.07686 = fieldWeight in 1244, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1244)
       0.5 = coord(2/4)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Zubiaga, A.: ¬A longitudinal assessment of the persistence of twitter datasets (2018) 0.31

   0.3125431 = sum of:
     0.3125431 = product of:
       0.86817527 = sum of:
         0.014588778 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014588778 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.059963044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0142468 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.018364474 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018364474 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06990744 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0951246 = boost
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.26269698 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.076570936 = weight(abstract_txt:tweet in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.076570936 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1437376 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.110381 = boost
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.53271335 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.022253864 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022253864 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.079458684 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.167542 = boost
               4.481094 = idf(docFreq=1366, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.28006837 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.481094 = idf(docFreq=1366, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.023650965 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023650965 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08275044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1914806 = boost
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.28581074 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.0065424587 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0065424587 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04426309 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2323604 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.14780845 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.15198527 = weight(abstract_txt:tweets in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15198527 = score(doc=368,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.22701894 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9734807 = boost
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.66948277 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.14698641 = weight(abstract_txt:accounts in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14698641 = score(doc=368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32019874 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8704982 = boost
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.45904744 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
         0.40723214 = weight(abstract_txt:twitter in 368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.40723214 = score(doc=368,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.47176507 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4981585 = boost
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.8632096 = fieldWeight in 368, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=368)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Zimmer, M.; Proferes, N.J.: ¬A topology of Twitter research : disciplines, methods, and ethics (2014) 0.29

   0.28912637 = sum of:
     0.28912637 = product of:
       1.0325942 = sum of:
         0.018364474 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018364474 = score(doc=2622,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06990744 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0951246 = boost
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.26269698 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
         0.031471714 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031471714 = score(doc=2622,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.079458684 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.167542 = boost
               4.481094 = idf(docFreq=1366, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.39607647 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.481094 = idf(docFreq=1366, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
         0.013084917 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013084917 = score(doc=2622,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.04426309 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2323604 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
         0.039898794 = weight(abstract_txt:scholarly in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039898794 = score(doc=2622,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11726748 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4183736 = boost
               5.4438 = idf(docFreq=521, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.3402375 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4438 = idf(docFreq=521, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
         0.10746982 = weight(abstract_txt:tweets in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10746982 = score(doc=2622,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22701894 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9734807 = boost
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.47339582 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
         0.14698641 = weight(abstract_txt:accounts in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14698641 = score(doc=2622,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32019874 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8704982 = boost
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.45904744 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
         0.6753181 = weight(abstract_txt:twitter in 2622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6753181 = score(doc=2622,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.47176507 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4981585 = boost
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             1.4314712 = fieldWeight in 2622, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2622)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Didegah, F.; Thelwall, M.: Co-saved, co-tweeted, and co-cited networks (2018) 0.28

   0.27990022 = sum of:
     0.27990022 = product of:
       0.8746882 = sum of:
         0.076570936 = weight(abstract_txt:tweet in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.076570936 = score(doc=291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1437376 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.110381 = boost
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.53271335 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.0802264 = weight(abstract_txt:altmetrics in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0802264 = score(doc=291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1482766 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1277767 = boost
               8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.5410591 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.04096467 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04096467 = score(doc=291,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08275044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1914806 = boost
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.49503872 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.013084917 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013084917 = score(doc=291,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.04426309 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2323604 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.05401508 = weight(abstract_txt:articles in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05401508 = score(doc=291,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.09040541 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2453718 = boost
               4.7798095 = idf(docFreq=1013, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.5974762 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.7798095 = idf(docFreq=1013, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.10746982 = weight(abstract_txt:tweets in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10746982 = score(doc=291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22701894 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9734807 = boost
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.47339582 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.2987403 = weight(abstract_txt:bots in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2987403 = score(doc=291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.51376444 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.636047 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.5814733 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
         0.20361607 = weight(abstract_txt:twitter in 291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20361607 = score(doc=291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.47176507 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4981585 = boost
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.4316048 = fieldWeight in 291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=291)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Ortega, J.L.: ¬The presence of academic journals on Twitter and its relationship with dissemination (tweets) and research impact (citations) (2017) 0.28

   0.2759588 = sum of:
     0.2759588 = product of:
       0.9855672 = sum of:
         0.014588778 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014588778 = score(doc=410,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.059963044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0142468 = boost
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
         0.023650965 = weight(abstract_txt:impact in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023650965 = score(doc=410,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08275044 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1914806 = boost
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.28581074 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.572972 = idf(docFreq=1246, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
         0.01133187 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01133187 = score(doc=410,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.04426309 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2323604 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
         0.02700754 = weight(abstract_txt:articles in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02700754 = score(doc=410,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09040541 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2453718 = boost
               4.7798095 = idf(docFreq=1013, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.2987381 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7798095 = idf(docFreq=1013, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
         0.2632462 = weight(abstract_txt:tweets in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2632462 = score(doc=410,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.22701894 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9734807 = boost
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             1.1595782 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
         0.14698641 = weight(abstract_txt:accounts in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14698641 = score(doc=410,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32019874 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8704982 = boost
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.45904744 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
         0.49875546 = weight(abstract_txt:twitter in 410) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.49875546 = score(doc=410,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.47176507 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4981585 = boost
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             1.0572115 = fieldWeight in 410, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=410)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Fang, Z.; Dudek, J.; Costas, R.: Facing the volatility of tweets in altmetric research (2022) 0.27

   0.27167222 = sum of:
     0.27167222 = product of:
       1.1319675 = sum of:
         0.014164838 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1606) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014164838 = score(doc=1606,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.04426309 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2323604 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.32001466 = fieldWeight in 1606, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1606)
         0.049873494 = weight(abstract_txt:scholarly in 1606) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049873494 = score(doc=1606,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11726748 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4183736 = boost
               5.4438 = idf(docFreq=521, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.42529687 = fieldWeight in 1606, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4438 = idf(docFreq=521, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1606)
         0.04609833 = weight(abstract_txt:scientific in 1606) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04609833 = score(doc=1606,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12737522 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8104641 = boost
               4.6324444 = idf(docFreq=1174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.36190972 = fieldWeight in 1606, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6324444 = idf(docFreq=1174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1606)
         0.32905778 = weight(abstract_txt:tweets in 1606) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32905778 = score(doc=1606,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.22701894 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9734807 = boost
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             1.4494728 = fieldWeight in 1606, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               7.574333 = idf(docFreq=61, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1606)
         0.183733 = weight(abstract_txt:accounts in 1606) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.183733 = score(doc=1606,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32019874 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8704982 = boost
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             0.57380927 = fieldWeight in 1606, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.344759 = idf(docFreq=77, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1606)
         0.5090402 = weight(abstract_txt:twitter in 1606) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5090402 = score(doc=1606,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.47176507 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4981585 = boost
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.015187448 = queryNorm
             1.079012 = fieldWeight in 1606, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.905677 = idf(docFreq=120, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1606)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)