Document (#38610)

Author

Cui, C.
Ma, J.
Lian, T.
Chen, Z.
Wang, S.

Title

Improving image annotation via ranking-oriented neighbor search and learning-based keyword propagation

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(2015) no.1, S.82-98

Year

2015

Abstract

Automatic image annotation plays a critical role in modern keyword-based image retrieval systems. For this task, the nearest-neighbor-based scheme works in two phases: first, it finds the most similar neighbors of a new image from the set of labeled images; then, it propagates the keywords associated with the neighbors to the new image. In this article, we propose a novel approach for image annotation, which simultaneously improves both phases of the nearest-neighbor-based scheme. In the phase of neighbor search, different from existing work discovering the nearest neighbors with the predicted distance, we introduce a ranking-oriented neighbor search mechanism (RNSM), where the ordering of labeled images is optimized directly without going through the intermediate step of distance prediction. In the phase of keyword propagation, different from existing work using simple heuristic rules to select the propagated keywords, we present a learning-based keyword propagation strategy (LKPS), where a scoring function is learned to evaluate the relevance of keywords based on their multiple relations with the nearest neighbors. Extensive experiments on the Corel 5K data set and the MIR Flickr data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Content

Vgl.: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23163/abstract.

Form

Bilder

Similar documents (author)

1. Lian, T.; Yu, C.; Wang, W.; Yuan, Q.; Hou, Z.: Doctoral dissertations on tourism in China : a co-word analysis (2016) 2.18

   2.1807103 = sum of:
     2.1807103 = product of:
       3.2710655 = sum of:
         0.8423597 = weight(author_txt:wang in 4178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.8423597 = score(doc=4178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.41237304 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0651357 = boost
               6.5366817 = idf(docFreq=174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             2.042713 = fieldWeight in 4178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5366817 = idf(docFreq=174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4178)
         2.4287057 = weight(author_txt:lian in 4178) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.4287057 = score(doc=4178,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.83536273 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5159936 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             2.9073665 = fieldWeight in 4178, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4178)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

2. Lian, T.; Chen, Z.; Lin, Y.; Ma, J.: Temporal patterns of the online video viewing behavior of smart TV viewers (2018) 2.08

   2.0838573 = sum of:
     2.0838573 = product of:
       3.1257858 = sum of:
         0.69708025 = weight(author_txt:chen in 219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.69708025 = score(doc=219,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.36347988 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             1.917796 = fieldWeight in 219, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=219)
         2.4287057 = weight(author_txt:lian in 219) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.4287057 = score(doc=219,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.83536273 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5159936 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             2.9073665 = fieldWeight in 219, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=219)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

3. Lihui, C.; Lian, C.W.: Using Web structure and summarisation techniques for Web content mining (2005) 1.30

   1.2953097 = sum of:
     1.2953097 = product of:
       3.8859289 = sum of:
         3.8859289 = weight(author_txt:lian in 2046) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.8859289 = score(doc=2046,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.83536273 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5159936 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             4.6517863 = fieldWeight in 2046, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2046)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

4. Ackerman, B.; Wang, C.; Chen, Y.: ¬A session-specific opportunity cost model for rank-oriented recommendation (2018) 1.23

   1.231552 = sum of:
     1.231552 = product of:
       1.847328 = sum of:
         0.8364963 = weight(author_txt:chen in 468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.8364963 = score(doc=468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.36347988 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             2.3013551 = fieldWeight in 468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=468)
         1.0108317 = weight(author_txt:wang in 468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.0108317 = score(doc=468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.41237304 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0651357 = boost
               6.5366817 = idf(docFreq=174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             2.4512556 = fieldWeight in 468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5366817 = idf(docFreq=174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=468)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

5. Goh, D. Hoe-Lian => Hoe-Lian Goh, D.: 1.14

   1.1449028 = sum of:
     1.1449028 = product of:
       3.4347084 = sum of:
         3.4347084 = weight(author_txt:lian in 4746) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.4347084 = score(doc=4746,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.83536273 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5159936 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059228126 = queryNorm
             4.111637 = fieldWeight in 4746, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=4746)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Lu, W.; Ding, H.; Jiang, J.: ¬A document expansion framework for tag-based image retrieval (2018) 0.27

   0.26812083 = sum of:
     0.26812083 = product of:
       0.95757437 = sum of:
         0.0073709814 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0073709814 = score(doc=630,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.030221486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0089259 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.2438987 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
         0.052913554 = weight(abstract_txt:images in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052913554 = score(doc=630,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07797759 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3232461 = boost
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.67857385 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
         0.012108371 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012108371 = score(doc=630,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05301101 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3362398 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.22841237 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
         0.03577854 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03577854 = score(doc=630,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.08042863 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3276715 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.4448483 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
         0.18874915 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18874915 = score(doc=630,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.22936395 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9307818 = boost
               5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.8229242 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
         0.25285578 = weight(abstract_txt:nearest in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25285578 = score(doc=630,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.35117784 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9713144 = boost
               8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.720022 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
         0.40779802 = weight(abstract_txt:neighbor in 630) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.40779802 = score(doc=630,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.52024984 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.404204 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.7838504 = fieldWeight in 630, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=630)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Chen, J.; Wang, D.; Xie, I.; Lu, Q.: Image annotation tactics : transitions, strategies and efficiency (2018) 0.20

   0.19819088 = sum of:
     0.19819088 = product of:
       0.6193465 = sum of:
         0.0064496086 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0064496086 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.030221486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0089259 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.21341136 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.014480987 = weight(abstract_txt:existing in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014480987 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.057034623 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1316836 = boost
               4.6427093 = idf(docFreq=1162, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.25389817 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6427093 = idf(docFreq=1162, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.032738592 = weight(abstract_txt:images in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032738592 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07797759 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3232461 = boost
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.41984615 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.035555895 = weight(abstract_txt:phase in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.035555895 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10380404 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5267322 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.34252903 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.04800022 = weight(abstract_txt:phases in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04800022 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12679495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.687356 = boost
               6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.3785657 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.019799791 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019799791 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08042863 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3276715 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.24617839 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.2600481 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2600481 = score(doc=46,freq=12.0), product of:
             0.19555952 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5664973 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             1.3297645 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                 12.0 = termFreq=12.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.20227334 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20227334 = score(doc=46,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.22936395 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9307818 = boost
               5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.8818881 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Zanibbi, R.; Yuan, B.: Keyword and image-based retrieval for mathematical expressions (2011) 0.16

   0.15689851 = sum of:
     0.15689851 = product of:
       0.49030787 = sum of:
         0.009213727 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009213727 = score(doc=4449,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.030221486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0089259 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.30487338 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.021206968 = weight(abstract_txt:where in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021206968 = score(doc=4449,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.057986144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1410847 = boost
               4.681277 = idf(docFreq=1118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.36572474 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.681277 = idf(docFreq=1118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.03307097 = weight(abstract_txt:images in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03307097 = score(doc=4449,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07797759 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3232461 = boost
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.42410865 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.021404779 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021404779 = score(doc=4449,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05301101 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3362398 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.40377986 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.06712435 = weight(abstract_txt:keywords in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06712435 = score(doc=4449,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1430943 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1953943 = boost
               6.004374 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.4690917 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.004374 = idf(docFreq=297, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.02000081 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02000081 = score(doc=4449,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08042863 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3276715 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.24867775 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.1820683 = weight(abstract_txt:keyword in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1820683 = score(doc=4449,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19296776 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9438326 = boost
               6.038507 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.94351673 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.038507 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
         0.13621795 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 4449) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13621795 = score(doc=4449,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.22936395 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9307818 = boost
               5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.59389436 = fieldWeight in 4449, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4449)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Jiang, J.-D.; Jiang, J.-Y.; Cheng, P.-J.: Cocluster hypothesis and ranking consistency for relevance ranking in web search (2019) 0.14

   0.14157318 = sum of:
     0.14157318 = product of:
       0.5898883 = sum of:
         0.005212071 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.005212071 = score(doc=247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.030221486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0089259 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.17246243 = fieldWeight in 247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=247)
         0.024216741 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024216741 = score(doc=247,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.05301101 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3362398 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.45682475 = fieldWeight in 247, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=247)
         0.07101358 = weight(abstract_txt:ranking in 247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07101358 = score(doc=247,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.08288114 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3642174 = boost
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.8568123 = fieldWeight in 247, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=247)
         0.016000649 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016000649 = score(doc=247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08042863 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3276715 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.1989422 = fieldWeight in 247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=247)
         0.17879604 = weight(abstract_txt:nearest in 247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17879604 = score(doc=247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.35117784 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9713144 = boost
               8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.50913244 = fieldWeight in 247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=247)
         0.29464918 = weight(abstract_txt:neighbors in 247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29464918 = score(doc=247,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4899578 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.690834 = boost
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.60137665 = fieldWeight in 247, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=247)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Kwon, O.W.; Lee, J.H.: Text categorization based on k-nearest neighbor approach for web site classification (2003) 0.14

   0.1396455 = sum of:
     0.1396455 = product of:
       0.58185625 = sum of:
         0.005212071 = weight(abstract_txt:from in 2070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.005212071 = score(doc=2070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.030221486 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0089259 = boost
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.17246243 = fieldWeight in 2070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.759399 = idf(docFreq=7646, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2070)
         0.038633324 = weight(abstract_txt:scheme in 2070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038633324 = score(doc=2070,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07966054 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3374494 = boost
               5.4868593 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.4849744 = fieldWeight in 2070, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4868593 = idf(docFreq=499, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2070)
         0.054857392 = weight(abstract_txt:phases in 2070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054857392 = score(doc=2070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12679495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.687356 = boost
               6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.4326465 = fieldWeight in 2070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2070)
         0.016000649 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 2070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016000649 = score(doc=2070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08042863 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3276715 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.1989422 = fieldWeight in 2070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2070)
         0.17879604 = weight(abstract_txt:nearest in 2070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17879604 = score(doc=2070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.35117784 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.9713144 = boost
               8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.50913244 = fieldWeight in 2070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2070)
         0.28835675 = weight(abstract_txt:neighbor in 2070) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28835675 = score(doc=2070,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.52024984 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.404204 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010855306 = queryNorm
             0.5542659 = fieldWeight in 2070, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2070)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)