Document (#38503)

Author
Ding, W.
Chen, C.
Title
Dynamic topic detection and tracking : a comparison of HDP, C-word, and cocitation methods
Source
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.10, S.2084-2097
Year
2014
Abstract
Cocitation and co-word methods have long been used to detect and track emerging topics in scientific literature, but both have weaknesses. Recently, while many researchers have adopted generative probabilistic models for topic detection and tracking, few have compared generative probabilistic models with traditional cocitation and co-word methods in terms of their overall performance. In this article, we compare the performance of hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP), a promising generative probabilistic model, with that of the 2 traditional topic detecting and tracking methods-cocitation analysis and co-word analysis. We visualize and explore the relationships between topics identified by the 3 methods in hierarchical edge bundling graphs and time flow graphs. Our result shows that HDP is more sensitive and reliable than the other 2 methods in both detecting and tracking emerging topics. Furthermore, we demonstrate the important topics and topic evolution trends in the literature of terrorism research with the HDP method.

Similar documents (author)

  1. Chen, L.; Ding, J.; Larivière, V.: Measuring the citation context of national self-references : how a web journal club is used (2022) 3.65
    3.6507626 = sum of:
      3.6507626 = sum of:
        1.2514383 = weight(author_txt:chen in 1546) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          1.2514383 = score(doc=1546,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.5437832 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
              0.08860809 = queryNorm
            2.3013551 = fieldWeight in 1546, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
              0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1546)
        2.3993242 = weight(author_txt:ding in 1546) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          2.3993242 = score(doc=1546,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.8392257 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2423 = boost
              7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
              0.08860809 = queryNorm
            2.8589737 = fieldWeight in 1546, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
              0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1546)
    
  2. Yang, L.; Chen, H.; Li, Z.; Ding, X.; Wu, X.: Give us the facts : enhancing Large Language Models with knowledge graphs for fact-aware language modeling (2024) 3.04
    3.0423021 = sum of:
      3.0423021 = sum of:
        1.0428653 = weight(author_txt:chen in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          1.0428653 = score(doc=2337,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.5437832 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
              0.08860809 = queryNorm
            1.917796 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
              0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
        1.999437 = weight(author_txt:ding in 2337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          1.999437 = score(doc=2337,freq=1.0), product of:
            0.8392257 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.2423 = boost
              7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
              0.08860809 = queryNorm
            2.3824782 = fieldWeight in 2337, product of:
              1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                1.0 = termFreq=1.0
              7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
              0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=2337)
    
  3. Ding, Y.: Visualization of intellectual structure in information retrieval : author cocitation analysis (1998) 2.00
    1.999437 = sum of:
      1.999437 = product of:
        3.998874 = sum of:
          3.998874 = weight(author_txt:ding in 3792) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.998874 = score(doc=3792,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.8392257 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2423 = boost
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08860809 = queryNorm
              4.7649565 = fieldWeight in 3792, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3792)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  4. Ding, Y.: Scholarly communication and bibliometrics : Part 1: The scholarly communication model: literature review (1998) 2.00
    1.999437 = sum of:
      1.999437 = product of:
        3.998874 = sum of:
          3.998874 = weight(author_txt:ding in 4995) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.998874 = score(doc=4995,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.8392257 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2423 = boost
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08860809 = queryNorm
              4.7649565 = fieldWeight in 4995, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4995)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  5. Ding, C.H.Q.: ¬A probabilistic model for Latent Semantic Indexing (2005) 2.00
    1.999437 = sum of:
      1.999437 = product of:
        3.998874 = sum of:
          3.998874 = weight(author_txt:ding in 4459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.998874 = score(doc=4459,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.8392257 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2423 = boost
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08860809 = queryNorm
              4.7649565 = fieldWeight in 4459, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4459)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Aksoy, C.; Can, F.; Kocberber, S.: Novelty detection for topic tracking (2012) 0.26
    0.26357147 = sum of:
      0.26357147 = product of:
        0.732143 = sum of:
          0.005541138 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.005541138 = score(doc=1051,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.035518125 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0248256 = boost
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.15600874 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.067110516 = weight(abstract_txt:dirichlet in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.067110516 = score(doc=1051,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12987854 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1314439 = boost
                8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.51671755 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.020274663 = weight(abstract_txt:literature in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020274663 = score(doc=1051,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07367544 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2051488 = boost
                4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.2751889 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.03311875 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03311875 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.081107244 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2644718 = boost
                4.619759 = idf(docFreq=1189, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.40833285 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.619759 = idf(docFreq=1189, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.022001216 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022001216 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07780093 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7514055 = boost
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.2827886 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.10442216 = weight(abstract_txt:detection in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10442216 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.1743969 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8541664 = boost
                6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.59876156 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.10620388 = weight(abstract_txt:topic in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10620388 = score(doc=1051,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.1941259 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7665343 = boost
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.5470876 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.07168539 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07168539 = score(doc=1051,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19573621 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.402323 = boost
                4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.3662347 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
          0.3017853 = weight(abstract_txt:tracking in 1051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3017853 = score(doc=1051,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.3894532 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.918519 = boost
                7.1581726 = idf(docFreq=93, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.7748949 = fieldWeight in 1051, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                7.1581726 = idf(docFreq=93, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1051)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  2. Lu, K.; Wolfram, D.: Measuring author research relatedness : a comparison of word-based, topic-based, and author cocitation approaches (2012) 0.26
    0.25904834 = sum of:
      0.25904834 = product of:
        0.7195787 = sum of:
          0.005541138 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.005541138 = score(doc=1453,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.035518125 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0248256 = boost
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.15600874 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.067110516 = weight(abstract_txt:dirichlet in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.067110516 = score(doc=1453,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12987854 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1314439 = boost
                8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.51671755 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.020274663 = weight(abstract_txt:literature in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020274663 = score(doc=1453,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07367544 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2051488 = boost
                4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.2751889 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4030223 = idf(docFreq=1477, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.024023147 = weight(abstract_txt:traditional in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024023147 = score(doc=1453,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.082497396 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2752621 = boost
                4.6591816 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.29119885 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.6591816 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.044690125 = weight(abstract_txt:hierarchical in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.044690125 = score(doc=1453,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12478471 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5684115 = boost
                5.7302055 = idf(docFreq=391, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.35813785 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.7302055 = idf(docFreq=391, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.01555721 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01555721 = score(doc=1453,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07780093 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7514055 = boost
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.19996175 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.10620388 = weight(abstract_txt:topic in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10620388 = score(doc=1453,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.1941259 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7665343 = boost
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.5470876 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.13232009 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13232009 = score(doc=1453,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.22477107 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.976902 = boost
                5.4380693 = idf(docFreq=524, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.58868825 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.4380693 = idf(docFreq=524, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
          0.30385792 = weight(abstract_txt:cocitation in 1453) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30385792 = score(doc=1453,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.4478515 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.202051 = boost
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.6784792 = fieldWeight in 1453, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1453)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  3. Zhang, Y.; Ren, P.; Rijke, M. de: ¬A taxonomy, data set, and benchmark for detecting and classifying malevolent dialogue responses (2021) 0.23
    0.23319656 = sum of:
      0.23319656 = product of:
        0.72873926 = sum of:
          0.006926422 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.006926422 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.035518125 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0248256 = boost
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.19501092 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.029273119 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029273119 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.081107244 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2644718 = boost
                4.619759 = idf(docFreq=1189, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.36091867 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.619759 = idf(docFreq=1189, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.079001725 = weight(abstract_txt:hierarchical in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.079001725 = score(doc=1357,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.12478471 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5684115 = boost
                5.7302055 = idf(docFreq=391, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.6331042 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.7302055 = idf(docFreq=391, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.092297025 = weight(abstract_txt:detection in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.092297025 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1743969 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8541664 = boost
                6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.5292355 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.13523537 = weight(abstract_txt:detecting in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13523537 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22497822 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1059573 = boost
                7.694134 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.60110426 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.694134 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.07664605 = weight(abstract_txt:topic in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07664605 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1941259 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7665343 = boost
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.3948265 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.24599802 = weight(abstract_txt:generative in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24599802 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3837648 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3686626 = boost
                8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.6410125 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.20496 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
          0.06336153 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 1357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06336153 = score(doc=1357,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19573621 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.402323 = boost
                4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.3237088 = fieldWeight in 1357, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1357)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  4. Li, X.; Zhang, A.; Li, C.; Ouyang, J.; Cai, Y.: Exploring coherent topics by topic modeling with term weighting (2018) 0.20
    0.19820446 = sum of:
      0.19820446 = product of:
        0.5505679 = sum of:
          0.009597532 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009597532 = score(doc=45,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.035518125 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0248256 = boost
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.27021506 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.013095383 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013095383 = score(doc=45,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05505107 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0417469 = boost
                3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.23787698 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.0949086 = weight(abstract_txt:dirichlet in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0949086 = score(doc=45,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.12987854 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1314439 = boost
                8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.73074895 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.267481 = idf(docFreq=30, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.023418495 = weight(abstract_txt:performance in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023418495 = score(doc=45,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.081107244 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2644718 = boost
                4.619759 = idf(docFreq=1189, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.28873494 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.619759 = idf(docFreq=1189, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.023469733 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023469733 = score(doc=45,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0812255 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2653933 = boost
                4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.28894538 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.01555721 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01555721 = score(doc=45,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07780093 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7514055 = boost
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.19996175 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.15019499 = weight(abstract_txt:topic in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15019499 = score(doc=45,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.1941259 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7665343 = boost
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.7736988 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                5.053779 = idf(docFreq=770, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.08800586 = weight(abstract_txt:topics in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08800586 = score(doc=45,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19604753 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.7801933 = boost
                5.078731 = idf(docFreq=751, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.44890064 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.078731 = idf(docFreq=751, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
          0.13232009 = weight(abstract_txt:word in 45) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13232009 = score(doc=45,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.22477107 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.976902 = boost
                5.4380693 = idf(docFreq=524, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.58868825 = fieldWeight in 45, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.4380693 = idf(docFreq=524, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=45)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  5. Callahan, A.; Hockema, S.; Eysenbach, G.: Contextual cocitation : augmenting cocitation analysis and its applications (2010) 0.15
    0.1506113 = sum of:
      0.1506113 = product of:
        0.94132066 = sum of:
          0.008311707 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008311707 = score(doc=452,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.035518125 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0248256 = boost
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.23401311 = fieldWeight in 452, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4961398 = idf(docFreq=9949, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=452)
          0.036034722 = weight(abstract_txt:traditional in 452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.036034722 = score(doc=452,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.082497396 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2752621 = boost
                4.6591816 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.43679827 = fieldWeight in 452, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.6591816 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=452)
          0.10752809 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10752809 = score(doc=452,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.19573621 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.402323 = boost
                4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              0.54935205 = fieldWeight in 452, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=452)
          0.7894462 = weight(abstract_txt:cocitation in 452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.7894462 = score(doc=452,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.4478515 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.202051 = boost
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0138845295 = queryNorm
              1.7627409 = fieldWeight in 452, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=452)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)