Document (#38283)

Author

Seddon, J.
Srinivasan, R.

Title

Information and ontologie : challenges in scaling knowledge for development

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.6, S.1124-1133

Year

2014

Abstract

This article calls for a conceptual and empirical research agenda on ways in which policymakers and researchers can aggregate socioeconomic information shared by diverse communities without losing contextual information that is important for extracting meaning from the data. We describe the knowledge loss that occurs when information is aggregated across diverse ontologies into databases or archives relying on a single schema and use a series of illustrative examples demonstrate the significance of this information loss for policy design and implementation. While there are important gains from information aggregation across ontologies, the potential trade-offs involved in creating large-scale databases are significant. The differences between locally constituted ways of knowing and the organizing ontology used for larger scale databases affects the extent to which these collections, or "knowledge banks," provide accurate guidance for policy and action. The article draws on insights from information science and social science to discuss two classes of socio-technical approaches for overcoming information loss at the interface between ontologies: first, technology-enabled efforts to soften ontological interfaces by making data open, unconstructed, and available and/or creating ontologies collaboratively and, second, organizational changes that reduce the need for information to cross interfaces, such as reconstructing knowledge platforms to be more interactive, thereby decentralizing decision-making. The framing of the challenges involved in building large-scale knowledge banks as a matter of ontology mismatch creates an opportunity for an interdisciplinary and analytically integrated research agenda to implement and test these potential approaches.

Similar documents (author)

1. Srinivasan, P.: Expert interface to Library of Congress Subject Headings (1990/91) 5.41

   5.4105906 = sum of:
     5.4105906 = weight(author_txt:srinivasan in 2208) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.4105906 = fieldWeight in 2208, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2208)
   

2. Srinivasan, P.: Query expansion and MEDLINE (1996) 5.41

   5.4105906 = sum of:
     5.4105906 = weight(author_txt:srinivasan in 67) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.4105906 = fieldWeight in 67, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=67)
   

3. Srinivasan, P.: Intelligent information retrieval using rough set approximations (1989) 5.41

   5.4105906 = sum of:
     5.4105906 = weight(author_txt:srinivasan in 2594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.4105906 = fieldWeight in 2594, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2594)
   

4. Srinivasan, P.: On generalizing the Two-Poisson Model (1990) 5.41

   5.4105906 = sum of:
     5.4105906 = weight(author_txt:srinivasan in 2948) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.4105906 = fieldWeight in 2948, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2948)
   

5. Srinivasan, P.: Optimal document-indexing vocabulary for MEDLINE (1996) 5.41

   5.4105906 = sum of:
     5.4105906 = weight(author_txt:srinivasan in 6702) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.4105906 = fieldWeight in 6702, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.656945 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6702)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Davies, J.; Duke, A.; Stonkus, A.: OntoShare: evolving ontologies in a knowledge sharing system (2004) 0.19

   0.19262289 = sum of:
     0.19262289 = product of:
       0.48155722 = sum of:
         0.016978364 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016978364 = score(doc=409,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09784146 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.17352936 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.019032508 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019032508 = score(doc=409,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.105581954 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0388035 = boost
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.1802629 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.020814667 = weight(abstract_txt:ways in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020814667 = score(doc=409,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.112074114 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0702647 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.18572234 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.03593526 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03593526 = score(doc=409,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1280156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1438524 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.28071 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.056528352 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056528352 = score(doc=409,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15126187 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2433783 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.37371185 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.03739518 = weight(abstract_txt:diverse in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03739518 = score(doc=409,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1656289 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3010877 = boost
               5.779889 = idf(docFreq=372, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.22577691 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.779889 = idf(docFreq=372, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.075177535 = weight(abstract_txt:agenda in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.075177535 = score(doc=409,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2638261 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6420918 = boost
               7.2947483 = idf(docFreq=81, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.2849511 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2947483 = idf(docFreq=81, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.07480803 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07480803 = score(doc=409,freq=12.0), product of:
             0.1558873 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9957858 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.47988534 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                 12.0 = termFreq=12.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.037003636 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037003636 = score(doc=409,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.1305405 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4502897 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.2834648 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
         0.1078837 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 409) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1078837 = score(doc=409,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.33565742 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.619399 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.32141015 = fieldWeight in 409, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=409)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

2. Wilson, R.: ¬The role of ontologies in teaching and learning (2004) 0.17

   0.17290068 = sum of:
     0.17290068 = product of:
       0.5403146 = sum of:
         0.051069576 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051069576 = score(doc=4387,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.105581954 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0388035 = boost
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.48369607 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.028934974 = weight(abstract_txt:making in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028934974 = score(doc=4387,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12361948 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1240406 = boost
               4.9933834 = idf(docFreq=818, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.23406485 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9933834 = idf(docFreq=818, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.030492079 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030492079 = score(doc=4387,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1280156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1438524 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.23819035 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.03262432 = weight(abstract_txt:involved in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03262432 = score(doc=4387,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.133916 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1699163 = boost
               5.1971793 = idf(docFreq=667, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.24361777 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1971793 = idf(docFreq=667, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.06783402 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06783402 = score(doc=4387,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15126187 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2433783 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.4484542 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.055637322 = weight(abstract_txt:creating in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055637322 = score(doc=4387,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15171866 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2452543 = boost
               5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.36671376 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.014801455 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014801455 = score(doc=4387,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1305405 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4502897 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.113385916 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
         0.25892088 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4387) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25892088 = score(doc=4387,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.33565742 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.619399 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.77138436 = fieldWeight in 4387, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4387)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Lu, J.; Xu, Q.: Ontologies and big data considerations for effective intelligence (2017) 0.17

   0.16782142 = sum of:
     0.16782142 = product of:
       0.5993622 = sum of:
         0.058281064 = weight(abstract_txt:ways in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058281064 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.112074114 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0702647 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.5200225 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
         0.07114819 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07114819 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1280156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1438524 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.5557775 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
         0.091382645 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.091382645 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15126187 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2433783 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.6041354 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
         0.069948114 = weight(abstract_txt:databases in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.069948114 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14488877 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4903955 = boost
               4.413907 = idf(docFreq=1461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.4827711 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.413907 = idf(docFreq=1461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
         0.060466614 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060466614 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1558873 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9957858 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.3878867 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
         0.034536727 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034536727 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1305405 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4502897 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.26456714 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
         0.21359883 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 4468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21359883 = score(doc=4468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.33565742 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.619399 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.63635963 = fieldWeight in 4468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4468)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Cimiano, P.; Völker, J.; Studer, R.: Ontologies on demand? : a description of the state-of-the-art, applications, challenges and trends for ontology learning from text (2006) 0.15

   0.15492968 = sum of:
     0.15492968 = product of:
       0.64554036 = sum of:
         0.07187052 = weight(abstract_txt:across in 14) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07187052 = score(doc=14,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1280156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1438524 = boost
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.56142 = fieldWeight in 14, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.081394 = idf(docFreq=749, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=14)
         0.0923104 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 14) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0923104 = score(doc=14,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15126187 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2433783 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.61026883 = fieldWeight in 14, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=14)
         0.065569215 = weight(abstract_txt:creating in 14) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.065569215 = score(doc=14,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15171866 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2452543 = boost
               5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.43217632 = fieldWeight in 14, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=14)
         0.049962934 = weight(abstract_txt:databases in 14) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049962934 = score(doc=14,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14488877 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4903955 = boost
               4.413907 = idf(docFreq=1461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.34483647 = fieldWeight in 14, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.413907 = idf(docFreq=1461, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=14)
         0.02466909 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 14) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02466909 = score(doc=14,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1305405 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4502897 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.18897653 = fieldWeight in 14, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=14)
         0.34115824 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 14) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.34115824 = score(doc=14,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.33565742 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.619399 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             1.0163882 = fieldWeight in 14, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=14)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Fernández, M.; Cantador, I.; López, V.; Vallet, D.; Castells, P.; Motta, E.: Semantically enhanced Information Retrieval : an ontology-based approach (2011) 0.15

   0.15223275 = sum of:
     0.15223275 = product of:
       0.42286873 = sum of:
         0.033615448 = weight(abstract_txt:large in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033615448 = score(doc=1230,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09784146 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.3435706 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4423513 = idf(docFreq=1420, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.037277628 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037277628 = score(doc=1230,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10482443 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0350702 = boost
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.35561967 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.02664551 = weight(abstract_txt:potential in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02664551 = score(doc=1230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.105581954 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0388035 = boost
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.25236803 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.61473 = idf(docFreq=1195, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.03667734 = weight(abstract_txt:challenges in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03667734 = score(doc=1230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13064882 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1555568 = boost
               5.1333895 = idf(docFreq=711, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.28073224 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1333895 = idf(docFreq=711, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.045691323 = weight(abstract_txt:ontology in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045691323 = score(doc=1230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15126187 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2433783 = boost
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.3020677 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5235233 = idf(docFreq=481, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.06652806 = weight(abstract_txt:scale in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06652806 = score(doc=1230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22243716 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8466638 = boost
               5.4690194 = idf(docFreq=508, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.299087 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4690194 = idf(docFreq=508, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.052365623 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052365623 = score(doc=1230,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1558873 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9957858 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.33591974 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.017268363 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017268363 = score(doc=1230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1305405 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4502897 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.13228357 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
         0.106799416 = weight(abstract_txt:ontologies in 1230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.106799416 = score(doc=1230,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.33565742 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.619399 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0220247 = queryNorm
             0.31817982 = fieldWeight in 1230, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1230)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)